American Federalism
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| show | The effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states.
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| Federalism | show 🗑
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| Dual Federalism (Layer Cake Federalism) | show 🗑
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| Cooperative Federalism | show 🗑
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| show | Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and progrmas, rather than a layer of cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
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| Competitive Federalism | show 🗑
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| show | Implies that although federalism provides "a sharing of power and authority between the national and state governments, the state's share rests upon the permission and permissiveness of the national government."
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| "Our Federalism" | show 🗑
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| show | Constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government.
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| show | Constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority over individuals.
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| show | Powers the Constitution specifically grants to one of the branches of the national government.
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| show | Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its function.
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| Necessary and Proper Clause | show 🗑
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| show | The powers of the national government in foreign affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government.
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| show | The clause in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines of affect more than one state or other nations.
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| Federal Mandate | show 🗑
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| show | Powers that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes.
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| show | Clause in the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid.
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| show | Legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state's officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.
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| show | An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements.
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| show | Constitutional doctrine that whenever conflict occurs between the constitutionally authorized actions of the national government and those of a state or local government, the actions of the federal government will prevail.
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| show | The right of a federal law or a regulation to preclude enforcement of a state or local law or regulation.
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| Centralists | show 🗑
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| Decentralists | show 🗑
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| show | Powers expressly or implicitly reserved to the states.
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| Categorical-Formula Grants | show 🗑
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| Project Grants | show 🗑
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| Block Grants | show 🗑
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| show | A technique of Congress to establish federal regulations. Direct orders must be compiled under threat of criminal or civil sanction. Example: Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, barring job discrimination by state and local governments.
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| Cross-Cutting Requirements | show 🗑
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| show | A technique of Congress to establish federal regulations. These sanctions permit the use of federal money in one program to influence state and local policy in another.
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| Total Partial Preemption | show 🗑
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| show | During the Greate Society, the marble cake apporach of intergovernmental relations.
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| show | Through different grant programs, slices up the marble cake into many pieces, making it even more difficult to differentiate the functions of the levels of government.
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| "Necessary and Proper" Clause | show 🗑
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| Linkage Institutions | show 🗑
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| Photo Ops | show 🗑
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| show | 30 second statements on the evening news shows. The media have been accused of complicated political issues by relying on sound bites to explain them to the public.
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