AP
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Bone | specialized form of connective tissue
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| skeleton | 206 bones
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| axial skeleton | forms the long axis of the body and includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
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| appendicular skeleton | bones that form the arms, shoulders, pelvis, and legs
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| long bones | have diaphyses, that are longer than they are wide, epiphyses at either end, compact bone, and spongy bone that are less dense than the outer regions and contain bone marrow
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| diaphyses | bone bodies
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| epiphyses | growth plates
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| compact bone | hard outer surfaces of bone
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| spongy bone | inner region that contain bone marrow
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| short bones | as wide as they are long; primarily to provide support and stability with litle movement
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| flat bones | strong, level plates of bone that provide protection to the body's vital organs and a base for muscular attachment
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| irregular bones | do not fall into any other category due to nonuniform shape
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| sesamoid bones | usually short or irregular bones embedded in a tendon. e.g. patella
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| periosteum | connective tissue that covers compact bone surfaces; serves as the site of muscle attachment (via tendons).
richly supplied with blood vessels that enter the bone at numerous sites
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| osteoblasts | outer surface of the periosteum contains cells that aid in remodeling and repair
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| bone marrow | inside the shaft of long bones
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| red marrow | in newborns
serve as blood-cell factory (hematopoiesis)
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| yellow marrow | as humans age, red marrow turns to fat, creating yellow marrow. begins to form during adolescence and is present in most bones by adulthood
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| osteocyte | complex of osteoblasts that are surrounded by calcified extracellular material
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| osteoclasts | cells that break down spongy bone, while osteoblasts build new compact bone to increase bone strength
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| matrix | osteocytes are embedded in extracellular material referred to as the matrix
consists of calcium phosphate crystals
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| appositional growth | new bone forms on the surface of a bone
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| endochondral growth | bone eventually replaces new cartilage growth in the ephiphyseal plate
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| lamellae | bone tissue contains many osteocytes organized in thin layers
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| cartilage | shiny connective tissue that is tough and flexible
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| hyaline cartilage | type most closely associated wtih bone and found in joints
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| joints | structures that connect bones of the skeleton
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| synovial joints | complex and vary significantly; contain cartilage that is lubricated by a transparent viscous fluid (synovial fluid)
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| joint capsule | structure that joins one bone to another
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| ligaments | parallel bundles of dense connective tissue
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| amphiarthroses | slightly moveable joints; in vertebral column
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| synarthrose | immoveable joint
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| sutures | immoveable joints in the skull
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| skeletal muscles | connect to bone
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| smooth muscles | line hollow organs, tubes, and are involuntary
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| cardiac muscle | heart; involuntary
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| tendons | specialized tough cords or bands of dense connective tissue that are continuous extensions of the periosteum
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| muscle fiber | cylinder with multiple nuclei
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| myofibrils | threadlike structures that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber
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| Myofilaments | two types: actin and myosin
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| actin | involved in muscular contractions, cellular movement, and cell shape maintenance
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| myosin | darker and thicker than actin; fibrous globulins that work with actin to form actomyosin
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| sarcomeres | repeated structural units
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