lower limb positioning
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| The fibula articulates with the tibia at the? | distal end of the proximal end
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| how many bones are in the foot? | 26
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| The CR is directed where for an AP or axial projection of the foot? | base of the 3rd metatarsal
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| What lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed? | mediolateral (lateral recumbent position)
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| Where should the CT enter on an AP projection of the ankle? | midway between the malleoli and ankle joint
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| What is the 2nd largest tarsal bone? | talus
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| To prevent lateral rotation how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle? | dorsiflexion
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| Which method best demonstrates the patella in tangential projection? | settegast
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| Which projection will clearly demonstrate the joint spaces between the talus and both malleoli? | AP oblique, 15-20 degrees, internal rotation
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| What is the most commonly performed projection of the foot? | AP oblique in medial rotation
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| How much should the leg be flexed for a lateral projection of the knee? | 20-30 degrees
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| What projections of the ankle are performed on a patient following an inversion or eversian injury? | AP stress study
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| For a lateral projection of the ankle, where should the CR enter? | perpendicular to the ankle joint at the medial malleus or lateral malleus
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| What is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle? | ankle mortise
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| The essential projections of the calcaneous are? | axial (plantdorsal)
lateral (mediolateral)
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| The CR angle for a lateral projection of the ankle? | zero
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| When the knee is properly positioned for an AP projection, the patella will lie? | slightly to the medial side
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| The inferior aspect of the foot is termed? | plantar surface
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| How is the CR directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the incondylar fossa? | perpendicular to the lower leg
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| What must be rotated for all oblique projections of the ankle? | leg and foot
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| The largest and strongest tarsal bone? | calcaneous
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| What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection? | parallel to the IR
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| Which projections of the foot will best demonstrate the structural status of the longitudinal arch? | lateral wt bearing
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| To demonstrate the ankle mortise, the leg and foot should be rotated? and how many degrees? | medially, 15-20 degrees
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| For a lateral projection of the foot, the CR should be directed to the? | base of the 3rd metatarsal
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| Which position will clearly demonstrate the cuboid? | AP oblique, medial rotation
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| Which specific projections of the ankle are performed to diagnose a tear of the medial or lateral ligament? | AP eversion stress
AP inversion stress
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| Valgus and varus deformities of the knee can be evaluated with what projections? | AP bilateral wt bearing
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| Where is the CR directed for an AP projection of the knee? | 1/2" below the patellar apex
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| How many tarsal bones are in the foot? | 7
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| What is the 2nd largest bone in the body? | tibia
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| Which structures form the ankle mortise? | lateral malleous of the fibula, medial malleolus of the tibia, inferior surface of the tibia
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| largest bone in the body? | femur
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| Often the leg is too long to fit on one IR, which joint(s) should be included on the IR when the site of the lesion is known? | the joint closest to the lesion
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| What situation will ensure that the knee is in proper position for a lateral projection? | epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR, Patella is perpendicular the the IR, leg is flexed 20-30 degrees.
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| How far should the IR extend beyond the ankle or knee joint for an AP projection of the leg? | 1.5"
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| For an AP projection of the knee, the limb is rotated? | 45 degrees
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| Which joint(s) should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the leg? | knee and ankle
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| Where does the CR enter the knee for a lateral projection of the patella? | through the patellofemoral joint space
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| Which position is the patient placed in for a PA projection of the patella? | prone
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| How many degrees of angulation are required to open the interphalangeal joint spaces of the otes on an AP projection? | 15 degrees
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| Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle? | over the posterior half of the tibia
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| how many metatarsal bones are there? | 5
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| What is the CR angle for a PA projection of the patella? | zero
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| How much is the knee flexed for a lateral projection of the patella? | 5-10 degrees
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| What methods are used to demonstrate the incondylar fossa? | Homblad (PA axial) and Camp-coventry PA axial
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| The CR angulation for an AP oblique projection of the toes? | zero
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| Where should the CR be directed for a PA projection of the patella? | midpoplital area
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| The CR angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is? | 5-7 cephalad
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| What is the CR angle for a lateral projection of the patella? | zero
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| How many phalanges are in the big toe? | 2
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| In order to place the patella parallel with the lane of the IR for a PA projection, the heel must be rotated? | 5-10 degrees laterally
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| How many phalanges are in the foot? | 14
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| What tarsal bone is located between the talus and cuneiforms? | navicular
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| Name the tarsal bones that articulate with the metatarsals? | cuneifomrs and cuboid
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| Which metatarsal has a tuberosity that is prominent at its base? | 5th metatarsal
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| What other term refers to the tibial spine? | intercondylar eminence
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| Which tibial condyle has a facet for articulation with the head of the fibula? | lateral
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| Name the large bony process that extends both medially and inferior from the distal end of the tibia? | medial malleolus
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| Articulations of the tibia? | femoraltibial, proximal
tibiofibular, distal
tibiofibular
tibiotalor
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| How many degrees of rotation are needed to properly rotate the foot for the AP oblique projection of the toes? | 30-45 degrees
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| What other term refers to the AP projection of the foot? | dorsoplantar
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| The plantodrosal projection refers to the? | axial projection
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| Which projection of the calcaneus, axial or lateral, best demonstrates the sinus tarsi? | lateral
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| the ankle joint is formed by articulations between? | lateral melleolus of the fibula
inferior surface of the tibia
medial malleolus of the tibia
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| where do the talus and calcaneus articulate? | subtalar joint
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| known as the anterior border of the tibia? | crest
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| what is the large process at the distal end of the tibia? | medial malleolus
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| what are the two prominent processes on the proximal end of the tibia? | condyles
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| two peaklike processes arising from the intercondylar eminence? | tubercles
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| sharp projection between the two superior articular surfaces? | intercondylar eminence
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| how many interphalanegeal articulations does one foot have? | 9
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| what type of movement do the interphalangeal joints permit? | flexion and extentsion
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| how many bones are found in the lower limb? | 30
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| name the lateral bone of the leg? | fibula
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