macromolecules, water, pH
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| acid | Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7.
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| activation energy | Minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
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| active site | Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme
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| amino acid | Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; monomer of proteins
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| atom | Building block of matter; contains subatomic particles - protons, electrons and neutrons
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| base | Substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7
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| buffer | Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH within a specific range
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| carbohydrate | Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
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| catalyst | Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy
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| chemical reaction | Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances
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| compound | Pure substance with unique properties formed when two or more different elements combine.
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| covalent bond | Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons
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| electron | Negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus
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| element | Pure substance composed of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into another substance.
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| enzyme | Protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction
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| hydrogen bond | Weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen atom.
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| ion | Atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons.
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| ionic bond | Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms
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| isotope | Two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons
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| lipid | Hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, waxes
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| macromolecule | Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
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| molecule | Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds
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| monomer | A molecule that may combine with other molecules to form polymers; a building block
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| neutron | Particle without a charge in the atom's nucleus
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| nucleic acid | Complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information (DNA)
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| nucleotide | A subunit (monomer) of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
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| nucleus | Center of an atom
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| peptide | Short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
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| pH | Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution (how acidic or basic a solution is)
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| polar molecule | Molecule with oppositely charged regions.
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| polymer | Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds linked by covalent bonds.
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| product | Substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.
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| protein | Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms.
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| proton | Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus
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| reactant | Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation
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| solute | Substance dissolved in a solvent
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| solution | Homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)
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| solvent | Substance in which another substance is dissolved
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| substrate | Reactant to which an enzyme binds
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| van der Waals force | Attractive forces between molecules
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