SLS Bio11 Evolution JH
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| Complementary Base Pairing | There are four different kinds of nucleotides that make up DNA, each of them with one of four possible bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). As strings of words consisting of combinations of just 4 letters: A, C, G and T.
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| Convergent Evolution | In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
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| Divergent Evolution | The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species,
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | A nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.
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| Double Helix | The structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.
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| Evolutionary Change | Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species
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| Gene Flow | In population genetics, gene flow (also known as gene migration) is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another.
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| Genetic Drift | The change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
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| Gradual Change Model | species tend to accumulate changes fairly steadily. punctuated equilibrium: species tend to stay about the same for a while, then change very rapidly.
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| Mutation | a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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| Natural Selection | Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
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| Nitrogenous Base | A nitrogenous base is simply a nitrogen containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base.
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| Non-Random Mating | This occurs when the probability that two individuals in a population will mate is not the same for all possible pairs of individuals. The individuals are just as likely to mate with distant relatives as with close relatives
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| Punctuated Equilibrium Model | A theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history
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| Speciation | The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
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| Sugar-Phosphate Backbone | an important stuctural component of DNA. It consists of 5-carbon deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups. These sugars are linked together by a phosphodiester bond, between carbon 4 of their chain, and a CH2 group that is attached to a phosphate ion.
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