Words needed to fully understand basics of genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring
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| Dominant | strong gene, represented with capital letter (H)
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| Recessive | weak gene, represented with lower case letter (h)
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| Genetics | study of inheritance, started by Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants
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| Heterozygous | different gene combination (Rr)
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| Homozygous | same gene combo (RR or rr)
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| Genotype | gene possibilities inside nucleus (letter combinations)
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| Phenotype | what trait shows on outside (% and word of trait)
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| Punnett Square | diagram to show inherited trait possibilities
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| Genes | sentence of genetic code, on chromosomes, determines traits
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| Zygotes | 2 gametes join in fertilization to make organism--1 cell
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| Gamete | sex cell
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| Polygenic/Multigenic Genes | more than one gene controls trait
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| Chromosomes | made of many genes (humans have 23 pairs, or 46 total)
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| Meiosis | gamete making process, 1 cell becoming 4, steps are coil up, copy/double, split in 2, split into 4, then 2 gametes join in fertilization
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| Kayotyping | chromosomes sucked out of nucleus, stained, lined up, checked for disorders
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid, your genetic code, contains chemicals A (adenine), T (thiamine), C (cytosine), and G (guanine); 3 letter words of amino acids; the messenger carrier is RNA
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| Double Helix | twisted ladder shape of DNA
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| Protein | the chemical DNA code tells the cell to make this
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| Replication | process of DNA unzips, grabs match (A grabs T, C grabs G) from cytoplasm, new matching DNA formed
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| Mutation | change/mistake in DNA
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| Genome | library of human chromosomes, maps out what genes and where located (traits)
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| DNA Fingerprinting | crime solving technique, analyzes DNA, unique to you
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| Cloning | exact copy of organism, sucks out DNA from nucleus, puts in another cell
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Created by:
jpeteric
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