Principles of Ecology
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| Ecology | the study of the interaction among living things, and between living things and their surroundings
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| Community | A group of different species that live together in one area, such as groups of alligators, turtles, birds, fish, and plants that live together in the Florida Everglades
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| Biome | A major regional or global community of organisms
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| Biotic | Factors that are living things, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria
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| Abiotic | Factors that are nonliving things such as moisture, temperature, wind, sunlight, and soil
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| Biodiversity | the assortment of variety of living things in an ecosystem
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| Keystone species | species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem
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| Producers | organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources; they make their own food
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| Autotrophs | Another name for producer
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| Consumers | organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once-living resources such as plants and animals
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| Heterotrophs | Another word for consumer
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| Chemosynthesis | process by which an organism forms carbohydrates using chemicals, rather than light, as an energy source
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| Food Chain | sequence that links species by their feeding relationships
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| Herbivores | organisms that only eat plants
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| Carnivores | organisms that only eat animals
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| Omnivores | organisms that eat plants and animals
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| Detritivores | organisms that eat dead organic matter
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| Decomposers | detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds
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| Specialist | consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms
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| Generalists | consumers with varying diets
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| Trophic levels | levels of nourishment in a food chain
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| Food web | model that shows the complex work of feeding relationships and the flow of energy within and sometimes beyond an ecosystem
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| Hydrologic cycle | circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back
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| Biogeochemical cycle | movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, or loving and nonliving, parts of the ecosystem
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| Nitrogen Fixation | Certain types of bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia through a process called ______
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| Biomass | measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area
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| Energy Pyramid | diagram that compares energy used by producers, primary consumers, and distributed among trophic levels in an ecosystem
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