Earthquakes1
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| Earthquake | a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
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| Crust | A the tough outer part
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| Fault | In geology, a place where sections of the crust of the
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| Mantle | The region of the interior of the Earth between the core (on its inner surface) and the crust (on its outer).
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| Lithosphere | Includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
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| Lithospheric Plates | noun. the two sub-layers of the earth's crust (lithosphere) that move, float, and sometimes fracture and whose interaction causes continental drift, earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
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| Seismologist | is the study of seismic waves, energy waves caused by rock suddenly breaking apart within the earth or the slipping of tectonic plates.
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| P-Wave | Are a type of body wave, called seismic waves in seismology, that travel through a continuum
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| S-Wave | Shear wave, is a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.
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| Surface Wave | Can also be an elastic (or a seismic) wave, such as with a Rayleigh or Love wave.
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| Focus | The point at witch a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake
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| Epicenter | epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocrite or focus,
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| Richter Scale | Developed in the 1930s, is a base-10 logarithmic scale, which defines magnitude
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| Moment-Magnitude | Moment magnitude (Mw) was introduced in 1979
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| Mercalli Scale | Intensity scale is a seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake.
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| Seismic Waves | Are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.
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| Magnitude | The great size or extent of something.
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| Seismograph | An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
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| Liquefaction | Is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading
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| Aftershock | An aftershock is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.
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| Tsunami | Also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake
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| Base isolators | separate a building from its foundation. They also prevent some of the earthquake's energy from entering the building
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| Shear core walls | help transfer some of an earthquake's energy from the floor and roof to the foundation.
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| Tension ties | firmly “tie” the floors and ceilings in a building to the walls. They absorb and scatter earthquake energy to reduce damage.
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| Steel Cross Braces | are placed between stories to stiffen a building’s frame and absorb energy during an earthquake.
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| Dampers | work like the shock absorbs in a car to absorb some of the energy of seismic waves.
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| Flexible Pipes | Water and gas pipes have flexible joints. Flexible pipes bend as energy passes through them, greatly reducing damage.
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| Compression | The reduction in volume
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| Tension | Apply a force to (something) that tends to stretch it.
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| Stress | Importance attached to a thing
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| Strike-slip fault | Are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.
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| Normal fault | Generally occur in places where the lithosphere is being stretched
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| Reverse fault | One rocky block is pushed up relative to rock on the other side.
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| Shearing | Strain, which is a deformation of a material substance
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| San Andreas fault | An active strike-slip fault in W United States, extending from San Francisco
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| Plateau | An area of flat land high elevated above sea level.
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| Haning wall | Is the block positioned over the fault.
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| Foot wall | Is the block positioned under it.
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| Anticline | Are folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest.
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| Sycline | Are folds in which each half of the fold dips toward the trough of the fold.
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| Asthenosphere | It lies below the lithosphere, at depths between approximately 80 and 200 km.
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| Mantle | Is a layer between the crust and the outer core.
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| Crust | The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet.
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| Inner Core | Is the Earth's innermost part and according to seismological studies.
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| Outer Core | The Earth is a liquid layer about 2,300 km
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| Lithosphere | Is the solid outer section of Earth, which includes Earth's crust
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