Smoking and Periodontal Disease
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| What medical problems are tobacco related to? | Cancer, low birth weight, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease.
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| What is a correlation between smoking and periodontal disease? | influences outcome of periodontal health (i.e. prevalence, extent, and severity)
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| Why must we understand the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease? | manage the disease as effectively as possible.
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| What is the correlation between smoking and gingivitis? | Inflammatory response is reduced and there is a decrease of expression of clinical inflammation.
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| Smoking and periodontitis increases your chance of what? | prevalence and severity of destruction, increased pocket depth, attachment loss, bone loss, rate of destruction, and tooth loss.
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| What can smoking due to a periodontal patient? | Increased the prevalence and make periodontitis severe
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| Smoking and periodontitis cessation decreased what? | prevalence and severity
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| What is the NHANES III study come to a result of? | Smokers were 4 times as likely to have periodontitis than people who had never smoked.
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| What were the NHANES III results of perio cases attributable to current smoking? | 42%
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| What were the NHANES III results of perio cases attributable to former smokers? | 11%
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| The number of years of tobacco use if significant factor in what? | tooth loss, coronal root caries, and perio disease
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| What is the five step program? | ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange
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| Ages 19-30 who smoke are how much more likely to have periodontitis than non-smokers? | 3.8 times
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| Young people who are smoking more than how many cigarettes per day are at risk for what? | 15, tooth loss
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| Alteration of host bacterial interaction must be what? | qualitative rather than quantitative
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| What are the main pathogens in periodontitis? | T. Forsythensis, A.a and P. gingivalis
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| Why do smokers not respond to mechanical therapy as well as nonsmokers? | Increased levels of T. Forsythensis, A.a and P. gingivalis microbes after therapy
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| What protective elements does smoking affect from out immune response? | alteration in neutrophil numbers and function, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and reduced levels of IgG
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| TNF means what? | Tumor Necrosis Factor
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| What is TNF? | a cytokine involved in the inflammatory process
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| What is Elastase? | an enzyme that breaks down proteins
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| What does matrix MMP do? | proliferates cells, migration, and differentiation and host defense
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| MMP means what? | Matrix metalloproteinase
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| Chemotaxis | movement of small organisms and single cells in response to chemical signals from their enviroments
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| Phagocytosis | process in which certain living cells ingest or engulf other cells or particles
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| IgG stands for what? | Immunoglobulin G
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| IgG | found in body fluids, smallest but most common antibodies
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| What correlates with smoking and the physiology of the mouth? | lowered inflammatory response, alterations in vascular response
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| What is less when smoking is involved with our physiology? | GCF. BOP, gingival blood vessels, oxygen concentration in tissues/
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| What changes occur when smoking changes our physiology? | lead to decreased blood flow and decreased signs of inflammation
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| What is the response of smoking to nonsurgical periodontal therapy? | less pocket depth and gain in attachment
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| What is the response of smoking to surgical periodontal therapy? | less favorable response than non-smokers, almost the same as nonsurgical periodontal therapy
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| Many smokers are what? | refractory (90% are smokers)
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| Smoking and maintenance therapy include what? | more plaque, deeper pockets, less gain in attachment
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| When is smoking more common? | low income, less educated
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| When is smoking higher in prevalence? | males than females and non Hispanic black men
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| T/F Former smokers had lower odds of periodontal disease as the number of years since quitting increased | True
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| T/F Even with the use of antimicrobials, nonsurgical periodontal therapy still has less pocket depth reduction. | True
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