SLS Bio 11 Genetics CP
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Allele | Different form of a gene, they occur during the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
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| Autosome | Any type of chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes.
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| Codominance | A pattern of inheritance when both alleles of a gene are equally expressed.
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| Dihybrid | One individual that is heterozygous for two traits; it shows the phenotype by the dominant alleles but carries the recessive alleles.
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| Dominant allele | An allele that gets its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote; it receives the expression of the recessive allele.
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| Genotype | Genes of a individual of a particular train or trait, designated often by letters such as BB or Aa.
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| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a given trait.
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| Homozygous | Having identical alleles for a given trait, free breeding.
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| Monohybrid | Individual for one trait that is heterozygous; the phenotype of the dominant allele but carries the recessive allele.
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| Multiple allele | Inheritance pattern where there are more than two alleles for a particular trait; every individual only has two possible alleles.
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| Phenotype | Different appearance of the organism caused by genotype and environmental influences.
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| Punnet square | Gridlike device that is used to calculate the results of simple genetic crosses.
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| Recessive allele | Hereditary factor that show itself as a phenotype only when it is the genotype.
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| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of a human being.
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| Sex-linked trait | Allele that happens on the sex chromosomes but can sometimes control a trait that has nothing to do with sexual characteristics.
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| Test cross | The cross between an individual with dominant phenotype and an individual that has a recessive phenotype. The phenotypic ratio after indicates if the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
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| Apoptosis | Cells that are no longer needed or are a threat to the organism are destroyed.
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| Cell Cycle | Series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication that produces two daughter cells in prokaryotes.
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| Centromere | Part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids during mitosis attaches to spindle fibers.
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| Chromatin | DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
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| Chromosomes | Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus, formed of protein and a single molecule.
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| Crossing-over | Process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombined chromosomes.
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| Cytokinesis | Process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm.
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| Diploid (2n) chromosome number | Cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.
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| Gamete | Organism's reproductive cells they are also called a sex cells.
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| Haploid (n) chromosome number | Half the usual number of chromosomes.
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| Homologous chromosomes | Similar but not identical, each carries the same genes.
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| Meiosis | Process to convert a diploid cell to a haploid gamete.
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| Mitosis | Cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes.
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| Nondisjunction | Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.
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| Somatic cell | Any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells.
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| Synapsis | Pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.
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