Vocab associated with Maintaining a Balance- HSC Biology
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| enzyme | Highly specialized protein that reduces amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, increasing the speed of the reaction
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| metabolism | All of the biochemical reactions occurring in the cells of the body
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| Enzyme models: Lock and Key; Induced Fit | Mechanisms for enzyme mechanisms- lock and key: instant fit; induced fit: enzyme changes shape when substrate binds
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| pH | describes the acidity of a substance
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| homeostasis | Tendency in organisms towards maintenance of physiological stability
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| stimulus-response pathway | stimulus--> receptor --> control centre --> effector --> response
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| nervous system | The system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal
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| nervous system and feedback mechanism | sensory neurones- takes signal from the receptor to control center.
relaying neurones- takes signal around control center.
motor neurones- takes signal from control center to effector
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| ectotherms | Organisms that change their body temperature by using heat from environment
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| endotherms | Organisms that regulate their own body temperature using heat generated from their metabolism
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| Australian endotherms | kangaroo, bandicoot
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| Australian ectotherms | brown snake, blue tongue lizard
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| optimum enzyme conditions | For optimal efficiency- specific temperatures, pH and amount of substrate are needed
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| positive feedback mechanism | enhance or amplify changes e.g. contractions during birth
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| negative feedback mechanism | conteracts changes to return to a stable, maintained level e.g. responding to temperature
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| plant responses to temperature change | sunken stomata, leaf orientation, leaf fall
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| structural adaptations | physical features of an organism e.g. feathers
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| behavioural adaptations | behaviours of an organism e.g. hibernation
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| physiological adaptations | permit an organism to perform special functions e.g. shivering
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| denatured | structural change in proteins that cause destruction of the active site
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| active site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction
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| evaporative cooling | removing heat from body by changing liquid water to water vapour using heat from skin (sweating) OR from respiratory surfaces (panting)
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| metabolic pathway | Series of step-wise chemical reactions, each governed by an enzyme. e.g. Cellular Respiration; Photosynthesis are metabolic pathways
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| rate of reaction | Speed at which a reaction proceeds. Measured by: amount of substrate used up or products formed in a given amount of time
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| vasodilation | When we are too hot the blood vessels supplying warm blood to the skin become enlarged or dilated
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| vasoconstriction | When we are too cold the blood vessels supplying warm blood to the skin become narrow or constrict
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| ambient | environmental or surrounding (e.g. ambient temperature)
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| Stimulus- response example | Stimulus: Increase temperature
Receptor: Thermoreceptor in skin
(via sensory neurones to)
Control center: Hypothalamus (in brain)
(via motor neurones to)
Effector: Sweat glands activated
Response: Sweat produced & evaporative cooling takes place
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