study guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel
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| The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring is called what? | heredity
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| Gregor Mendel is from where? | Austria
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| What plant did Mendel use for his study? | pea plants
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| What is self-pollination? | A plant that has both male and female reproductive structures.
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| How can an organism cross pollinate? | Pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of a flower on a different plant. (insects, wind, humans)
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| What are the advantages of self-pollination? | Because eggs and sperm from the same plant combine to make a new plant. It's faster than cross pollination
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| What are the advantages of cross pollination? | Different traits can be introduced to make a better plant. (diversity)
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| What is a trait? | The different forms of a characteristic in a population. (ex: hair color is a characteristic, brown or blonde hair is a trait)
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| A trait observed causing other traits not to be present is... | dominant trait
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| A trait that is not observed or hidden | recessive trait
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| One set of instructions for an inherited trait | genes
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| One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as eye color? | allele
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| A physical characteristic in a trait | phenotype (organisms' appearance)
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| The alleles of a trait, which make the genetic makeup of an organism | genotype
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| What tool allows a person to discover the probability of traits? | Punnett square (Mendel came up with this)
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| What is incomplete dominance? | When one trait is not completely dominant over the other
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| Give examples of multiple traits where several genes act together to make one characteristic. | hair color, skin color, height, eye color, ear shapes (because each allele has its own degree of influence)
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| Offspring produced by one parent is called? | self pollination or asexual reproduction - mitosis
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| Two parent cells joining together is called? | Sexual reproduction/ meiosis - cross pollination
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| What is meiosis? | copying process that produces cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
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| Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis | Mitosis is cell division (becomes two cells) of body cells except sex cells; Meiosis is the division of sex cells (becomes 4). ESSAY Question
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| How many cells are created by meiosis? | Four
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| What happens during prophase? | Each chromosome makes an exact copy of itself; chromosomes then thicken and shorten - making them visible with a microscope. Nuclear membrane disappears
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| What happens during metaphase? | Similiar chromosomes pair up with one another and line up at the equator of the cell (equator is the middle)
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| What happens during anaphase? | Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
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| What happens during telophase? | Nuclear membrane reforms around the separate chromosomes and the cell divides
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| A pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual? | X and X, (female) or X and Y(male) - 23rd chromosome
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| Sex-linked traits occur on what type of chromosome? | an X chromosome (23rd chromosome)
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| What is the sex chromosome of a male? | Xy
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| What is the sex chromosome of a female? | XX
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| What is the difference between a body cell and a sex cell? | Body cells undergo mitosis and sex cells undergo meiosis ESSAY
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| Calculate a RR x rr cross for rolled tongue verses non-rolled tongue. What is the genotype of the offspring and what is the phenotype of the offspring? | Genotype should be all Rr - phenotype should all be rolled tongues
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| If you cross a Rr x Rr what will the offspring's phenotype and genotype be? | phenotype is 3 rolled tongue and 1 non-rolled; genotype is 1:2:1 (1-RR, 2-Rr, 1-rr)
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| What is something Mendel realized in his experiments? | that each trait had 2 sets of instructions - one set from each parent
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| What is another thing he discovered? | that recessive traits reappear in the second generation
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| What is the diagram that is used to trace through generations of a family? | A pedigree
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| What are sex cells? | egg and sperm
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Created by:
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