SLS bio12 cell transport MM
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| Active Transport | Use of plasma membrane carrier protein and energy to move a substance into or out of a cell from lower to higher concentration
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| Carrier Protein | Protein molecule that combines with a substance and transports it through the plasma membrane
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| Cell Membrane | composed of a phospholipid bilayer which is actively selectively permeable, as molecules both actively and passively move in and out of the cell.
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| Channel Protein | Forms a channel which allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane
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| Concentration Gradient | Gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another
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| Diffusion | movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentration; it requires no energy and stops when the distribution is equal.
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| Endocytosis | Process by which substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
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| Exocytosis | Process in which an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane so that the vesicles contents are released outside the cell.
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| Facilitated Transport | Use of a plasma membrane carrier to move a substance in and or out of a cell from higher to lower concentration, no energy required.
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| Fluid-mosaic membrane model | The phospholipid bilayer is represented as being fluid, and the proteins embeded are the mosaic components along with both glycolipids and glycoproteins.
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| Glycolipid | Lipid in a plasma membrane that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail
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| Glycoprotein | Protein in a plasma membrane that bears a carbohydrate chain
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| Hydrophilic | water loving- Type of molecule that interacts with water by dissolving in water and or forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
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| Hydrophobic | water hating- type of molecule insoluble in water as it is non polar, does not interact with water
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| Hypertonic | Higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell --> causes cell to lose water through osmiosis
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| Hypotonic | Lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside and causes net movement of water inside the cell to be positive
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| Isotonic | Solution where solute concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell and there is no water net movement
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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| Passive transport | Transport which moves down the concentration gradient and requires no energy
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| Phagocytosis | Process by which amoeboid type cells engulf large substances, forming an intra-cellular vacuole- cell eating
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| Phospholipid | molecule with phosphate polar waterloving head, and two non polar water hating tails
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| Phospholipid bilayer | Two layers of phospholipids, makes up the cell membrane which is selectively permeable and allows small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| Pinocytosis | Cell drinking, process which vesicle formation brings dissolved macromolecules into the cell
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| Pressure gradient | Gradual descent as concentrations decrease, allowing molecules to pass with no ATP and just natural kinetic energy.
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| Selectively permeable | Actively selecting which molecules will enter and which may not enter.
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| Tonicity | the measure of osmiotic pressure
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