Life On Earth
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| Biomes | Seperate geographical areas that have the same climate (temperature and rainfall) and have similar flora and fauna.
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| Ecosystem | Natural biological system made up of all the living and non-living things in an area.
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| When does competition between organisms occur? | When organisms use same resource that is short supply.
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| What do plants growing in the same habitat compete for? | They compete for light, space and water.
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| What do animals living in the same habitat compete for? | They compete for habitat, space, prey/food and friends.
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| When competition becomes intense, what happens to biodiversity? | It decreases.
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| What are the three main factors that have affect on biodiversity? | Biotic, Abiotic and Human
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| What does abiotic mean? | Non-living
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| What does biotic mean? | Linked to living things.
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| Give examples of Abiotic factors | pH, temperature, (soil) moisture, light intensity
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| Give examples of Biotic factors | Grazing, Predation, Food availability, Disease, Competition
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| Explain Grazing | When herbivores feed on plants.
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| Explain Predation | When one organism hunts another and can affect many species within an ecosystem.
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| Explain the term Niche | An organisms role within an ecosystem.
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| Explain Paratism | When one organism feeds from a host. Only the parasite benefits. It is usually harmful for the host.
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| What are Producers? | Green plant, produces its own food by photosynthesis.
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| What are consumers? | An animal that eats another organism to consume its energy.
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| Why is nitrogen essential for organisms? | To make protein for growth and repair.
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| Explain Nitrifying bacteria | Convert ammonia to nitrites
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| Explain Denitrifying bacteria | Breaks down nitrates and release nitrogen gas into the air.
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| Explain Root nodule bacteria | Absorb atmospheric nitrogen and fix into nitrate.
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| Explain Free-fixing soil bacteria | Absorb atmospheric nitrogen and fix into nitrate.
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| Explain Decomposers | Break down waste and dead bodies and release ammonium compounds containing nitrogen into the soil.
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| What three main nutrients are found in fertilisers? | Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
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| What is the purpose of Nitrogen? | Growth of leaves and stems
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| What is the purpose of Potassium? | Flowers and fruit
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| What is the purpose of Phosphorus? | Roots
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| What is a mutation? | Change in an organisms genetic material (genes).
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| What environmental factors can increase the rate of mutation? | Mutagenic Agents
Some types of radiation
Certain chemicals
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| Why is variation important? | It is the process by which alleles of genes are produced.
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| What is an adaption? | Inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to it's environment.
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| State the three ways of adaption present in organisms | Structural
Physiological
Behavioural
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| What is a stimulus? | Changes in the environment.
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| Why is it important that animals learn to respond to a changing environment? | So they can survive and reproduce.
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| Describe two types of behavioural adaptions shown by animals | Migration
Hiberation
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| What is a species? | Organisms that look similar and reproduce to produce fertile offsprings.
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| What is speciation? | It is the formation of new species.
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| What are the three types of Isolating Mechanism? | Geographical
Ecological
Reproductive
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| What is Geographical Isolation? | Species occur in different areas, which are often seperated by a physical barrier such as a river or mountain range.
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| What is Ecological Isolation? | Species occur in the same areas,but they occupy different habitats and rarely encounter each other.
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| What is Reproductive Isolation? | Species reproduce in different seasons or at different times of the day.
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| What are indicator species? | Organisms (plant/animal/insect) that indicate level of pollution of an area without the need for chemical tests.
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| State 2 alternatives to mitigate the effects of intensive farming on the environment | Battery Farming
Monoculture
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