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Chapter 3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show A mental shortcut through which people begin with a rough estimation as a starting point and then adjust this estimate to take into account unique characteristics of the present situation  
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Attribution Theories   show
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Augmenting Principle   show
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show A mental shortcut people use to estimate the likelihood of an event by the ease with which instances of that event come to mind  
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show A mental shortcut used to make a judgment  
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show The tendency for observers to overestimate the casual influence of personality factors on behavior and to underestimate the causal role of situational influences  
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Correspondent Inference Theory   show
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show The theory that proposes that people determine the cause of an actor's behavior by assessing whether other people act in similar ways (consensus), behaves similarly in similar situations (Distinctiveness), behaves similarly across time (consistency)  
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Discounting Principle   show
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show The judgment that a person's behavior has been caused by an aspect of that person's personality  
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Downward Social Comparison   show
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show The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others agree with us  
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Representativeness Heuristic   show
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show When an initially inaccurate expectation leads to actions that cause the expectation to come true  
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show The tendency to take personal credit for our successes and to blame external factors for our failures  
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Social Cognition   show
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show The process of comparing ourselves with those who are better off  
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