Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base imbalances
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on it to display the answer.
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| Body fluid components | H2O, chemicals, electrolytes, acids, and bases
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| How much of your body is H2O | 60%
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| Where is 2/3 of your fluid located | Intracellular Fluid
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| Range for avg. fluid intake | 1800-3600 mL/day
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| Sources of fluid elimination | urination, bowel elimination, perspiration, breathing, sweat, exhaled air
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| What is physiologic process | movement of fluid and exchange of chemicals is continuous to maintain homeostasis
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| What are 4 physiologic process | osmosis, filtration, passive and facilitated diffusion, and active transport
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| TRUE OR FALSE: K+ is mostly found inside the cell | TRUE
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| Neurons that sense blood concentration; stimulates release of ADH | Osmoreceptors
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| Cheicals released to increase BP and blood volume | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
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| Medical management for hypovolemia | teach pt 8 glasses H2O/day, educate to drink when thirsty, avoid ETOH or caffeine
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| Medical management for hypervolemia | limit Na+, limit foods high in Na+
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| What is third-spacing | Translocation of fluid from intravascular to tissue compartments
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| Normal Na+ Range | 136-145 mEq/L
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| Medical management for hyponatremia | IV NaCl
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| Medical management for hypernatremia | hypotonic IV solution 0.45% NaCl or 5% Dextrose
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| Normal K+ Range | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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| What causes Hypokalemia | K+ wasting diuretics,GI tract fluid loss, corticosteroids
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| What causes Hyperkalemia | renal failure, K+ sparing diuretics, supplements, crushing injuries, Addison's disease, salt substitues
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| K+ rich foods | avacado, broccoli, dairy, dried fruit, cataloupe, bananas
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| Normal Ca++ Range | 9.0-10.5 mg/dL
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| What does calcatonin do | decreases calcium in the blood and tones the bones
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| What is circumoral paresthesia | tingling of extremities and area around the mouth
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| Medical management for hypocalcemia | oral calcium and vitamin D
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| Who is usually hypercalcemia | the chronically ill
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| Normal Mg Range | 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
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| hypomagnesemia causes | ETOHism, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal disease, burns, malnutrition, intestinal malabsorption, loop diuretics
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| What are some assessment findings for Hypermagnesemia | flushing, hypotension, lethargy, bradycardia, muscle weakness, coma
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| Normal pH Range | 7.35-7.45
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| Normal carbon dioxide(PaCO2) | 35-45
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| Normal bicarbonate(HCO3) | 22-26
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| What does ABG mean | arterial blood gases
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| What are the 2 mechanisms that the body uses to maintain normal pH | Chemical and Organ
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| What is the second line of defense | Lungs
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| Kidneys are the 3rd line of defense and regulate what levels | bicarbonate
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| Excessive accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate in body fluids | Acidosis
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| What is Alkalosis | Excessive accumulation of bases or loss of acid in body fluids
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| Resp acidosis | pH <7.35, PaCO2 >45, HCO3 22-26
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| Met acidosis | pH <7.35, PaCO2 35-45, HCO3 <22
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| Resp alkalosis | pH >7.45, PaCO2 <35, HCO3 22-26
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| Met alkalosis | pH <7.45, PaCO2 35-45, HCO3 >26
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| Uncompensated | pH is abnormal and so is HCO3 or PaCO2, not both
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| Partially compensated | pH, CO2 and HCO3 will be abnormal
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| Fully compensated | pH is normal, but CO2 and HCO3 are abnormal
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