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NRTC Chap 16
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base imbalances
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body fluid components | H2O, chemicals, electrolytes, acids, and bases |
| How much of your body is H2O | 60% |
| Where is 2/3 of your fluid located | Intracellular Fluid |
| Range for avg. fluid intake | 1800-3600 mL/day |
| Sources of fluid elimination | urination, bowel elimination, perspiration, breathing, sweat, exhaled air |
| What is physiologic process | movement of fluid and exchange of chemicals is continuous to maintain homeostasis |
| What are 4 physiologic process | osmosis, filtration, passive and facilitated diffusion, and active transport |
| TRUE OR FALSE: K+ is mostly found inside the cell | TRUE |
| Neurons that sense blood concentration; stimulates release of ADH | Osmoreceptors |
| Cheicals released to increase BP and blood volume | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) |
| Medical management for hypovolemia | teach pt 8 glasses H2O/day, educate to drink when thirsty, avoid ETOH or caffeine |
| Medical management for hypervolemia | limit Na+, limit foods high in Na+ |
| What is third-spacing | Translocation of fluid from intravascular to tissue compartments |
| Normal Na+ Range | 136-145 mEq/L |
| Medical management for hyponatremia | IV NaCl |
| Medical management for hypernatremia | hypotonic IV solution 0.45% NaCl or 5% Dextrose |
| Normal K+ Range | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L |
| What causes Hypokalemia | K+ wasting diuretics,GI tract fluid loss, corticosteroids |
| What causes Hyperkalemia | renal failure, K+ sparing diuretics, supplements, crushing injuries, Addison's disease, salt substitues |
| K+ rich foods | avacado, broccoli, dairy, dried fruit, cataloupe, bananas |
| Normal Ca++ Range | 9.0-10.5 mg/dL |
| What does calcatonin do | decreases calcium in the blood and tones the bones |
| What is circumoral paresthesia | tingling of extremities and area around the mouth |
| Medical management for hypocalcemia | oral calcium and vitamin D |
| Who is usually hypercalcemia | the chronically ill |
| Normal Mg Range | 1.3-2.1 mEq/L |
| hypomagnesemia causes | ETOHism, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal disease, burns, malnutrition, intestinal malabsorption, loop diuretics |
| What are some assessment findings for Hypermagnesemia | flushing, hypotension, lethargy, bradycardia, muscle weakness, coma |
| Normal pH Range | 7.35-7.45 |
| Normal carbon dioxide(PaCO2) | 35-45 |
| Normal bicarbonate(HCO3) | 22-26 |
| What does ABG mean | arterial blood gases |
| What are the 2 mechanisms that the body uses to maintain normal pH | Chemical and Organ |
| What is the second line of defense | Lungs |
| Kidneys are the 3rd line of defense and regulate what levels | bicarbonate |
| Excessive accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate in body fluids | Acidosis |
| What is Alkalosis | Excessive accumulation of bases or loss of acid in body fluids |
| Resp acidosis | pH <7.35, PaCO2 >45, HCO3 22-26 |
| Met acidosis | pH <7.35, PaCO2 35-45, HCO3 <22 |
| Resp alkalosis | pH >7.45, PaCO2 <35, HCO3 22-26 |
| Met alkalosis | pH <7.45, PaCO2 35-45, HCO3 >26 |
| Uncompensated | pH is abnormal and so is HCO3 or PaCO2, not both |
| Partially compensated | pH, CO2 and HCO3 will be abnormal |
| Fully compensated | pH is normal, but CO2 and HCO3 are abnormal |
Created by:
bekaleyce
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