Bowel & Elimination key words
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| Anus | Opening at the end of anal canal.
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| Bowel Incontinence | The inability of the anal sphincter to control the discharge of fecal and gaseous material.
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| Bowel Training Program | Program that manipulates factors within a person's control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas.
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| Cathartics | Medication that strongly increases gastrointestinal motility and promotes defecation.
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| Chyme | Semifluid state that food is in when it leaves the stomach.
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| Colostomy | An opening into the colon that permits feces to exit through the stoma.
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| Constipation | Passage of dry, hard fecal material.
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| Defecation | Emptying of the intestinal tract; synonym for bowel movement.
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| Diarrhea | Passage of liquid and unformed stools.
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| Endoscopy | Direct visualization of hollow organs of the body using an endoscope (a flexible, lighted tube).
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| Enema | Introduction of solution into the lower bowel.
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| Fecal impaction | Collection in the rectum of hardened feces that cannot be passed.
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| Fecal incontinence | Involuntary or inappropriate passing of stool or flatus.
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| Feces | Intestinal waste products.
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| Fissure | A linear break on the margin of the anus.
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| Flatulence | Excessive formation of gasses in the GI tract.
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| Flatus | Intestinal gas.
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| Hematochezia | The passage of bright red bloody stools usually indicating bleeding in the large intestine.
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| Hemorrhoids | Abnormally distended rectal veins.
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| Hypertonic | Having a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution, which is ordinarily assumed to be blood plasma or interstitial fluid; more specifically refers to a fluid in which cells would shrink.
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| Hypotonic | Having a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution, which is ordinarily assumed to be blood plasma or interstitial fluid; more specifically refers to a fluid in which cells would swell.
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| Ileostomy | Opening into the small intestine allows fecal content from the ileum to be eliminated through the stoma.
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| Large Intestine | Primary organ of bowel elimination, the lower or distal part of the GI tract.
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| Laxative | Drug used to induce emptying of the intestinal tract.
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| Mastication | The act of chewing.
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| Occult blood | Blood present in such minute quantities that it cannot be detected with the unassisted eye.
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| Ostomy | General term referring to an artificial opening; usually used to refer to an opening created for the excretion of body wastes.
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| Paralytic ileus | Paralysis of intestinal peristalsis.
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| Peristalsis | Involuntary, progressive, wave-like movement of the musculature of the GI tract.
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| Small intestine | Made up of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum. Secretes enzymes that digest proteins and carbs. Responsible for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
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| Stoma | Artificial opening for waste excretion located on the body surface.
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| Stomach | Hollow, J-shaped muscular organ located in the left upper portion of the abdomen. Stores food during eating.
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| Stool | Excreted feces
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| Suppository | Oval or cone-shaped substance that is inserted into a body cavity that melts at body temperature.
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| Valsalva maneuver | Forcible exhalation against a closed glottis, resulting in increased intrathoracic pressure.
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