science chapter 8 definition quiz
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Earthquake | when energy is released suddenly by the actions of rocks breaking or moving, the moving that follows causes vibrations
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| fault | when rocks are pulled apart and change shape
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| strike slip fault | when rocks are compressed into a new shape
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| seismic waves | earthquake waves moving throughout the earth
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| primary and secondary waves | travel in all directions through the earth's interior
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| surface waves | travel at shallow depths and along the Earth's surface; makes most damage
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| focus | the point inside the earth where the wave movement first occurs; energy is released
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| magnitude | the amount of energy released by an earthquake
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| epicenter | the point on earths surface directly above the focus
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| seismograph | instrument used to obtain a record of seismic waves
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| Richter scale | describes how much energy an earthquake releases
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| tsunamis | seismic sea waves that when they approach land and encounter the bottom of the sea floor, can be as much as 30 meters high
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| seismic safe | when a building will be able to stand up against the vibrations caused by most earthquakes
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| volcanoes | cone shaped mountain can spew gas, magma, and solids during an eruption
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| lava | liquid hot rock that comes out of the earth
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| craters | the circular holes near the top of the summit of a volcano
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| subduction | when an oceanic crust and mantle collide
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| pyroclastic flow | massive avalanches of hot glowing rock on the side of a volcano
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| volcanic risk map | map used to show inhabitants about unsafe areas around a volcano
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| ballistic lava | flows in broad flat layers
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| shield volcano | the buildup of ballistic layers form this type of volcano with slightly sloping sides
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| cinder cone volcano | small cone of volcanic material
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| tephra | rock fragments ejected by a volcano
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| composite volcano | steep sided mountains composed of alternating layers of lava and tehra
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| rifts | long cracks that form between tectonic plates at divergent plate boundaries
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| basalt | most abundant type of rock on earths surface
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| hot spots | large bodies of magma are forced upward through earths mantle and crust
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| pacific ring of fire | about 80% of all earthquakes occur in this area
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