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science chap 8
science chapter 8 definition quiz
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Earthquake | when energy is released suddenly by the actions of rocks breaking or moving, the moving that follows causes vibrations |
fault | when rocks are pulled apart and change shape |
strike slip fault | when rocks are compressed into a new shape |
seismic waves | earthquake waves moving throughout the earth |
primary and secondary waves | travel in all directions through the earth's interior |
surface waves | travel at shallow depths and along the Earth's surface; makes most damage |
focus | the point inside the earth where the wave movement first occurs; energy is released |
magnitude | the amount of energy released by an earthquake |
epicenter | the point on earths surface directly above the focus |
seismograph | instrument used to obtain a record of seismic waves |
Richter scale | describes how much energy an earthquake releases |
tsunamis | seismic sea waves that when they approach land and encounter the bottom of the sea floor, can be as much as 30 meters high |
seismic safe | when a building will be able to stand up against the vibrations caused by most earthquakes |
volcanoes | cone shaped mountain can spew gas, magma, and solids during an eruption |
lava | liquid hot rock that comes out of the earth |
craters | the circular holes near the top of the summit of a volcano |
subduction | when an oceanic crust and mantle collide |
pyroclastic flow | massive avalanches of hot glowing rock on the side of a volcano |
volcanic risk map | map used to show inhabitants about unsafe areas around a volcano |
ballistic lava | flows in broad flat layers |
shield volcano | the buildup of ballistic layers form this type of volcano with slightly sloping sides |
cinder cone volcano | small cone of volcanic material |
tephra | rock fragments ejected by a volcano |
composite volcano | steep sided mountains composed of alternating layers of lava and tehra |
rifts | long cracks that form between tectonic plates at divergent plate boundaries |
basalt | most abundant type of rock on earths surface |
hot spots | large bodies of magma are forced upward through earths mantle and crust |
pacific ring of fire | about 80% of all earthquakes occur in this area |