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science chap 8
science chapter 8 definition quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | when energy is released suddenly by the actions of rocks breaking or moving, the moving that follows causes vibrations |
| fault | when rocks are pulled apart and change shape |
| strike slip fault | when rocks are compressed into a new shape |
| seismic waves | earthquake waves moving throughout the earth |
| primary and secondary waves | travel in all directions through the earth's interior |
| surface waves | travel at shallow depths and along the Earth's surface; makes most damage |
| focus | the point inside the earth where the wave movement first occurs; energy is released |
| magnitude | the amount of energy released by an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point on earths surface directly above the focus |
| seismograph | instrument used to obtain a record of seismic waves |
| Richter scale | describes how much energy an earthquake releases |
| tsunamis | seismic sea waves that when they approach land and encounter the bottom of the sea floor, can be as much as 30 meters high |
| seismic safe | when a building will be able to stand up against the vibrations caused by most earthquakes |
| volcanoes | cone shaped mountain can spew gas, magma, and solids during an eruption |
| lava | liquid hot rock that comes out of the earth |
| craters | the circular holes near the top of the summit of a volcano |
| subduction | when an oceanic crust and mantle collide |
| pyroclastic flow | massive avalanches of hot glowing rock on the side of a volcano |
| volcanic risk map | map used to show inhabitants about unsafe areas around a volcano |
| ballistic lava | flows in broad flat layers |
| shield volcano | the buildup of ballistic layers form this type of volcano with slightly sloping sides |
| cinder cone volcano | small cone of volcanic material |
| tephra | rock fragments ejected by a volcano |
| composite volcano | steep sided mountains composed of alternating layers of lava and tehra |
| rifts | long cracks that form between tectonic plates at divergent plate boundaries |
| basalt | most abundant type of rock on earths surface |
| hot spots | large bodies of magma are forced upward through earths mantle and crust |
| pacific ring of fire | about 80% of all earthquakes occur in this area |
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beccawalk
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