Vocab for 5.1 Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Carrier protein | A protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
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Concentration gradient | A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
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Contractile vacuole | In protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure
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Cytolysis | The bursting of a cell
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Diffusion | The movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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Equilibrium | In biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
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Facilitated diffusion | The transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
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Hypertonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
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Hypotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
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Ion channel | A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass
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Isotonic | Describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
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Osmosis | The diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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Plasmolysis | The contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis
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Turgor pressure | The pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell
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