Cell Division Notes - Review
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| Cell Division | Process by which a cell divides into 2 new cells
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| Cells need to divide | Living things grow by producing more cells
repair of damaged tissue
If a cells gets too big, it can not get enough nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell
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| Parent Cell | The original cell; 2 new cells are called DAUGHTER cell.
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| Before Cell Division occurs | The Cell copies (replicates) all of its DNA, so each daughter cell gets complete set of GENETIC INFORMATION from parent cell.
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| Daughter Cell | Each daughter cell is EXACTLY like the parent cell - same kind and number of CHROMOSOMES as the original cell
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| Unicellular Organisms | Reproduce by means of cell divisions- called ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
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| DNA | Located in the NUCLEUS and controls all cell activities including cell division
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| Chromatin | Long and thread-like DNA in a non dividing cell
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| Chromosome | DOUBLED, COILED, short DNA in a dividing cell.
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| Chromosome consist of two parts | Chromatid and Centromere
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| DNA need to change from Chromatin to Chromosomes | More EFFICIENT division
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| CENTROMERE | 2 identical sister chromatids attached at an area in the middle
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| Chromosome Number | Every organism (Human, Dog) has its own SPECIFIC NUMBER of chromosomes.
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| Cell Cycle | Series of events cells go through as they GROW and DIVIDE
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| Cell prepare for division | Cell GROWS, prepares for division, then DIVIDES to form 2 daughter cells - each of which then begins the cycle again.
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| Interphase is divided into 3 phases | G1 - cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles
S -synthesis of DNA (DNA replication)
G2 - organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.
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| Somatic cells | an organism that have the SAME kind and NUMBER of chromosomes.
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| Interphase | Period of cell GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
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| Occurs during Interphase | DNA COPY (replication) occurs during interphase
The cell grows, carries out normal cell activities, replicates all other ORGANELLES
Interphase is where the cell spends most of its lifecycle.
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| Mitosis | Division of the nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes
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| Mitosis occurs | In ALL the SOMATIC (body) cells.
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| Why does Mitosis occurs | So EACH new DAUGHTER cell has nucleus with a complete set of chromosomes.
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| 4 phases of nuclear Division (mitosis), directed by the cell's DNA (PMAT) | 1) Prophase
2) Anaphase
3) Metaphase
4Telophase
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| Cell Cycle | When cell become old or damaged, they die and are replaced with NEW cells.
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| Cell Division Control | DNA Controls ALL cell activities including cell division.
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| Cells loose control | Loose the ability to control their rate of cell division - the DNA of these cells has become damaged or changed (mutated)
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| Tumors | Super- dividing cells form masses
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| Cytokinesis | the DIVISION of the rest of the cell (CYTOPLASM and ORGANELLES) after the nucleus divides.
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| Animal Cell | the CYTOPLASM pinches in
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| Plant Cell | a CELL PLATE forms
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| After mitosis and cytokinesis | The cell returns to INTERPHASE to continue to grow and perform regular cell activities
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| Benign Tumors | are not cancerous - these cell do not spread to other parts of the body.
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| Malignant Tumors | are cancerous - these cells break loose and can invade and destroy healthy tissue in other parts of the body called metastasis
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