SLS Bio 11 AV
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Allele | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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| Autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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| codominance | relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent.
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| dihybrid | a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes.
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| dominant allele | an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
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| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
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| heterozygous | pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive
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| homozygous | pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait
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| mono hybrid | hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene
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| multiple allele | Three or more alleles for a particular gene
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| phenotype | set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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| punnet square | diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
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| recessive allele | allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
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| sex chromosome | a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism
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| sex-linked trait | trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent.
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| test cross | a genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latter
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| anoptosis | the death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development
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| cell cycle | series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
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| centriole | a small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells
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| centromere | the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
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| chromatin | material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed
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| chromosome | threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells
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| crossing-over | exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes
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| cytokinesis | cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis
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| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
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| gamete | mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
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| haploid | a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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| homologous chromosome | pair of chromosomes containing a maternal and paternal chromatid joined to together at the centromere
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| meiosis | type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
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| mitosis | cell division that results in two daughter
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| nondisjunction | failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division
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| somatic cell | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
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| synapsis | fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis
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