Kevin's Vaporizer Lecture (SIUE Nurse Anesthesia)
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| What is boiling point? | The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
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| Name 2 ways in which gas concentration can be expressed. | 1. partial pressure - absolute valve
2. volumes % - relative ratio
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| What is the heat of vaporization? | Energy used to vaporize a molecule. Expressed as the number of calories to convert 1 g of liquid into a vapor.
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| What is specific heat? | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of substance by 1 degree C. Different value for different substances and illustrates how each substance requires different amounts of energy to increase temperature based on chemical properties.
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| Name 3 ways in which vaporizer designs can be classified. | 1. concentration calibrated (vaporizer tailored to a specific agent)
2. vaporizer method (flow-over or injection)
3. temperature compensation method (mechanical thermocompensation or supplied heat)
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| Name two types of concentration calibrated vaporizers. | 1. variable bypass
2. electronic
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| What are three characteristics of a variable bypass vaporizer? | 1. Vapor pressures of anesthetic agents at room temp are reater than partial pressure required to produce anesthesia
2. A vaporizer dilutes saturated vapor
3. Can be accomplished by splitting gas flow passing through vaporizer
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| What is a splitting ratio? | The ratio of bypass gas to gas going to the vaporizing chamber.
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| For variable bypass vaporizer, what happens to the concentration of HA as latent heat of vaporization occurs and the liquid agent cools? | When latent heat of vaporization occurs, concentration of agent decreases because temp decreases.
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| How does a variable bypass vaporizer adjust to compensate for latent heat of vaporization? | Modern vaporizers counteract this by increasing FGF to maintain concentration of agent.
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| Why is a Tec6 vaporizer known as a dual-circuit vaporizer? | FGF travels through one circuit and does not interact with the vapor. In another circuit, the liquid agent is vaporized. The two circuits are then mixed together.
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| What temperature and vapor pressure is the liquid agent brought up to? | 39°C and 1500 mmHg
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| Name an inhalational agent which is sometimes delivered via the injection method. | Desflurane
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| How does mechanical thermocompensation work? | The vaporizer automatically adjust the splitting ratio to account for latent heat of vaporization.
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| What mechanism ensures that only one vaporizer can be turned on at a time? | The interlock system,
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| What should be done before filling a vaporizer (except for tec6 vaporizer)? | Turn off the vaporizer.
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| What color code is used for isoflurane? | purple
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| What color code is used for sevoflurane? | yellow
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| What should the anesthetist do if the vaporizer is tilted more than 45 degrees? | Take the vaporizer out of service, consult the user manual, call a service technician.
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| What can happen if a vaporizer is overfilled? | liquid agent can enter the fresh gas line, delivering a leathal concentration of inhalational agent.
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| What can happen to the vaporizer if the check valve stops working correctly? | Pumping effect due to intermittent back pressure.
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| Why does desflurane need a special vaporizer? | Because its boiling point is almost at room temperature. If not controlled properly it would constitute an almost 100% concentration, causing an hypoxic mixture.
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