Bacteria Unit Vocabulary
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| Unicellular | Organisms with only one cell.
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| Binary Fission | Occurs when a single celled organism splits into two cells.
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| Asexual Reproduction | Reproduction with only one cell.
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| Decomposers | Bacteria that feed on dead and decaying organisms.
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| Decomposition | Nature’s process of recycling material. Decomposers release enzymes to break down dead organic matter.
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| Cyanobacteri | The first bacteria that was able to undergo photosynthesis
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| Photosynthesis | During this process organisms (producers) make food as glucose and also produce oxygen.
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| Prokaryotic Cell | The simplest type of cell and only found in bacteria
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| Organelles | Small structures inside eukaryotic cells surrounded by membranes inside the cell
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| Cell Wall | The part of the cell that surrounds the cell membrane and protects the cell
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| Cell Membrane | The part of the cell that surrounds the cytoplasm and lets some material enter and exit the cell
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| Cytoplasm | Enclosed within the cell membrane: gel like yet fluid substance that fills the cell.
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| Ribosome | The part of the cell that builds protein.
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The circular strand in the center of the bacteria that “controls” the cell and contains the genes needed for cell growth, survival& reproduction.
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| Capsule | The outer coating that protects the cell. Outside of the cell wall.
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| Flagella | Long whip like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion.
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| Pilli (Pilus) | Hair like structures on the surface of the cell that help bacteria attach to surfaces.
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| Coccus | Round shaped bacteria
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| Bacillus | Rod shaped bacteria
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| Spirillum | Spiral shaped bacteria
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| Staphylo | Clusters of bacteria
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| Diplo | Pair of bacteria
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| Strepto | Chain of bacteria
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| Kingdoms | Large groups of living organisms with some similarity
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| Archeabacteria (Archea) | First form of life.
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| Extremophiles | Archeabacteria that live in extreme or unusual environments that most organisms could not.
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| Halophile | Extremophiles that live in extremely salty environments. (Salt lovers)
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| Methanogens | Extremophile found in swamps, sediments, sewage and buried landfills. Makes methane.
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| Eubacteria | Evolved after Archea
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| Adaptations | Structures, chemicals and behaviors that help organisms survive.
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| Endospore | Bacteria adaptation - A thick wall that surrounds DNA
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| Conjugation | Bacteria adaptation – Allows for new genetic combinations to increase survival.
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