Mudpuppy Appendicular, Axial, and Skull Skeleton
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| Neural Spine | Pointed process extending dorsally off of the neural arch on the trunk and caudal vertebrae
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| Neural Arch | Found on all the vertebrae, making the roof of the vertebrae on the dorsal side
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| Centrum | The center of the vertebrae, the base which the neural and hemal arches, and neural and hemal spines extend off of
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| Ribs | Extensions laterally off of the trunk vertebrae
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| Hemal Arch | Found on all the vertebrae, making the floor of the vertebrae on the ventral side
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| Hemal Spine | Pointed process extending ventrally off of the hemal arch on the caudal vertebrae
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| Cervical Vertebrae | A singular vertebrae connecting the trunk vertebrae to the skull. Called the Atlas, articulates with the occipital condyles
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| Trunk Vertebrae | ~17 trunk vertebrae with neural spines and ribs that extend from the atlas to the pelvic girdle where the sacral vertebrae are
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| Sacral Vertebrae | Single vertebrae attached to the pelvic limbs with modified ribs. Attached to the trunk vertebrae and the caudal vertebrae
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| Caudal Vertebrae | Vertebrae attached to the sacral vertebrae with neural spines and hemal spines
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| Premaxilla | V-shaped at the anterior most portion of the skull, forming the upper jaw with teeth
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| Frontal | Bone of skull that extends from the premaxilla, back to the parietal, forming the dorsal part of the eye orbit
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| Parietal | Most posterior dorsal bone, attached to the frontal
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| Quadrate | Posterior to the eye orbit and anterior to the squamosal
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| Vomer | Tooth-bearing bone posterior to the premaxilla but anterior on the skull
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| Pterygoid | Tooth-bearing bone posterior to the vomer, medial in the skull, but on the ventral sides
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| Parasphenoid | The palate bone on the ventral side of the skull, making up the base of it
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| Dentary | Lateral bone making up the lower jaw
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| Exoccipital | Paired on the posterior wall of the skull, hosting the occipital condyles
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| Foramen Magnum | Large opening in medial positioning on the posterior wall of the skull
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| Squamosal | Lateral to the parietal bone, articulating with the quadrate bone
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| Otic Region | EAR REGION FUCK EVERYTHING
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| Basibranchial | Arch connecting the hypohyal to the rest of the branchials
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| Ceratobranchial | Branches off of the basibrancial in a posterior direction
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| Epibranchial | Branches off of the ceratobranchial in a posterior direction
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| Hypohyal | The joining of the ceratohyal, attaches to the basibranchial, forms the hyoid arch in the anterior position
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| Ceratohyal | Branches off the hypohyal, makes up the hyoid arch in the anterior position
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| Coracoid Cartilage | Broad plates of cartilage that extend medially and over lap
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| Procoracoid Cartilage | A lateral process that extends anterior from the coracoid
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| Scapula | Ossified and extends dorsally, lateral to the cartilages of the coracoid and procoracoid
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| Suprascapular Cartilage | A distal projection of cartilage from the scapula
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| Humerus | Bone from scapula to the radius and ulna
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| Radius | The medial bone that is distal to the humerus
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| Ulna | The lateral bone that is distal to the humerus
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| Carpals | Make up the "wrist" joint area
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| Metacarpals |
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| Phalanges | Most distal part of the limb
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| Pubis Cartilage | Projection that goes anterior, makes up the puboischiadic plate
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| Ischium Bone | Extends posterior, joined to the pubis cartilage, makes up the puboischiadic plate
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| Ilium | Extend dorsally from the puboischiadic plate, fuse with the modified ribs of the sacral vertebrae
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| Acetabulum | A depression at the site of articulation for the hind limbs to the pelvic girdle
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| Femur | Bone extending from acetabulum to the tibia and fibula
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| Tibia | The medial bone attached to the femur
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| Fibula | The lateral bone attached to the femur
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| Tarsals | "Ankle" bones attached to Tibia and Fibula
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| Metatarsals |
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| Phalanges | Most distal part of the hind limb
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