Information for Fundamentals of Nursing Test #3
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| Is pain purely subjective? | Yes
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| When cellular damage occurs by thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli, what neurotransmitters are released? | Prostaglandin
Bradykinin
Potassium
Histamine
Substance P
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| What surrounds the pain fibers, spreading the pain message and causing an inflammatory response? | Neurotransmitters
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| Nerve impulse travel along _________ to the spinal cord. | Afferent (sensory) nerve fibers
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| The ________ requires health care providers to assess all patients for pain on a regular basis. Many health care institutions have added pain as the fifth vital sign. | Joint Commission Pain Standard
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| The nature of pain _____________. | -Involves physical, emotional, and cognitive components,
-Results from physical and/or mental stimulus
-Reduces quality of life
-NOT measurable objectively
-Subjective and highly individualized component
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| What are the two types of sensory nerve fibers? | 1) Fast-myelinated A-delta fibers: send sharp, localized, distinct sensations
2) Slow, small, unmyelinated C Fibers: send poorly localized, burning, persistent pain
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| ___________ ascend the spinal cord to the thalamus, which transmits information to higher brain centers that perceive pain. | Pain impulses
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| These substances surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spreading the pain message and causing an _____________. | Inflammatory Response
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| Energy of these pain stimuli is converted to _________ | electrical energy
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| What is transduction (Phase I)? | Conversion of stimulus into electrical energy
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| What is transmission (Phase 2)? | Sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber
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| What is perception (Phase 3)? | The patient's experience of pain
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| What is modulation (Phase 4)? | The inhibition of pain/release of inhibitory neurotransmitters.
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| (True/False) No single pain center exists. | True
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| Discuss the gate-control theory. | In the CNS, pain impulses pass through when a gate is open and are blocked when a gate is closed.
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| A _________ response also occurs with pain reception. | Protective reflex
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| Pain is a protective mechanism warning of tissue injury and is largely a(n): | Subjective experience
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| To adequately assess the quality of a patient's pain, which question would be appropriate? | "Tell me what your pain feels like."
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| The point at which a person feels pain: | Pain threshold
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| The point at which a person feels pain: | Serotonin
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| Causes vasodilation and edema: | Substance P
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