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Pain Management
Information for Fundamentals of Nursing Test #3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Is pain purely subjective? | Yes |
| When cellular damage occurs by thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli, what neurotransmitters are released? | Prostaglandin Bradykinin Potassium Histamine Substance P |
| What surrounds the pain fibers, spreading the pain message and causing an inflammatory response? | Neurotransmitters |
| Nerve impulse travel along _________ to the spinal cord. | Afferent (sensory) nerve fibers |
| The ________ requires health care providers to assess all patients for pain on a regular basis. Many health care institutions have added pain as the fifth vital sign. | Joint Commission Pain Standard |
| The nature of pain _____________. | -Involves physical, emotional, and cognitive components, -Results from physical and/or mental stimulus -Reduces quality of life -NOT measurable objectively -Subjective and highly individualized component |
| What are the two types of sensory nerve fibers? | 1) Fast-myelinated A-delta fibers: send sharp, localized, distinct sensations 2) Slow, small, unmyelinated C Fibers: send poorly localized, burning, persistent pain |
| ___________ ascend the spinal cord to the thalamus, which transmits information to higher brain centers that perceive pain. | Pain impulses |
| These substances surround the pain fibers in the extracellular fluid, spreading the pain message and causing an _____________. | Inflammatory Response |
| Energy of these pain stimuli is converted to _________ | electrical energy |
| What is transduction (Phase I)? | Conversion of stimulus into electrical energy |
| What is transmission (Phase 2)? | Sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber |
| What is perception (Phase 3)? | The patient's experience of pain |
| What is modulation (Phase 4)? | The inhibition of pain/release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. |
| (True/False) No single pain center exists. | True |
| Discuss the gate-control theory. | In the CNS, pain impulses pass through when a gate is open and are blocked when a gate is closed. |
| A _________ response also occurs with pain reception. | Protective reflex |
| Pain is a protective mechanism warning of tissue injury and is largely a(n): | Subjective experience |
| To adequately assess the quality of a patient's pain, which question would be appropriate? | "Tell me what your pain feels like." |
| The point at which a person feels pain: | Pain threshold |
| The point at which a person feels pain: | Serotonin |
| Causes vasodilation and edema: | Substance P |
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