Feeding, fluid and electrolytes
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| Absorption | Process by which drugs are transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream.
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| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite for food.
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| Anthropometric | Measurements of the body and body parts.
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| Aspiration | Misdirection of oropharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract.
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| Basal metabolism | Amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities of the body at rest.
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| Body mass index (BMI) | Ratio of height to weight.
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| Calorie | Measure of heat, or energy; kilocalorie, commonly referred to as a calorie, defined as the amount of heat required to raise 1kg of water 1 degree Celsius.
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| Carbohydrate | Organic compounds (commonly known as sugars and starches) that are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; the most abundant and least expensive source of calories in the diet worldwide.
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| Cholesterol | Fat-like substance found only in animal tissues; it is important for cell membrane structure, a precursor of steroid hormones, an constituent of bile; high serum cholesterol levels are a risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis.
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| Digestion | GI system's breakdown process of food into particles small enough to pass into the cells and be used by the cells.
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| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing or inability to swallow.
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| Ketosis | An abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis.
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| Lipid | Group name for fatty substances, including fats, oils, waxes and related compounds.
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| Minerals | Inorganic elements found in nature.
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| NPO | Nothing by mouth. (Latin: nil per os)
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| Nutrient | Specific biochemical substance used by the body for growth development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery from illness or injury.
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| Nutrition | Study of the nutrients and how they are handled by the body, as well as the impact of human behavior and environment on the process of nourishment.
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| Obesity | Weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight.
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| Protein | Vital component of every living cell; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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| Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) | Recommendations for average daily amounts of essential nutrients that healthy population groups should consume over time.
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| Trans Fat | Partially hydrogenated liquid oil, trans fat raises serum cholesterol.
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| Triglycerides | Predominant form of fat in food and the major storage from of fat in the body.
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| Vitamins | Organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to help regulate body processes; are susceptible to oxidation and destruction
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| Waist circumference | A numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual's abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight.
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| Acid | Substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released.
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| Acidosis | Condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35.
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| Active Transport | Movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy.
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| Alkalosis | Condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45.
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| Anions | Ion that carries a negative electric charge.
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| Antibody | Immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen.
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| Antigen | Foreign material capable of including a specific immune response.
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| Base | Substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali.
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| Buffer | Substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline.
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| Capillary Filtration | Passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood "pushing: against the walls of the capillaries.
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| Cation | Ion that carries a positive electric charge.
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure | Pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure.
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| Dehydration | Decreased water volume in body tissue.
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| Diffusion | Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established.
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| Edema | Accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces.
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| Electrolytes | Substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution.
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| Extracellular fluid (ECF) | Fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstinal fluids.
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| Hydrostatic Pressure | Force exerted by a fluid against the container wall.
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| Hypercalcemia | Excess amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hyperchloremia | Excess amount of chlorine in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hyperkalemia | Excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hypermagenesemia | Excess of magnesium in extracellular fluid.
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| Hypernatremia | Excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hyperphospatemia | Above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus.
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| Hypertonic | Having greater concentration that the solution with which it is being compared.
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| Hypervolemia | Excess of plasma
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| Hypocalcemia | Insufficient amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hypochloremia | Insufficient amount of chlorine in the extracellular fluid.
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| Hypokalemia | Insufficient potassium in extracellular fluid.
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| Hypomagnesemia | Insufficient magnesium in extracellular fluid.
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| Hyponatremia | Insufficient sodium in extracellular fluid.
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| Hypophospatemia | Below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus.
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| Hypotonic | Having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared.
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