Terms for Cells
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Cell | The basic unit of all living things
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| Organism | Any living thing
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| Cell Membrane | Protective layer of the cell. Acts as a barrier from the outside. (fence)
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| Cytoplasm | The fluid that holds all the organelles of the cell (jello)
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| Organelle | Small body in a cells cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function
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| Nucleus | Organelle of the cell that provides instructions for all the cells organelles.
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| Prokaryote | Single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles (bacteria)
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| Eukaryote | An organism that is made up of cells that contain their DNA in a nucleus (multi-celled organisms)
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| Atoms | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
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| Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces
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| Lipid | A fat molecule that has similiar properties. They do not mix with water
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| Protein | A molecule that is made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. (Meat and peanut butter)
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| Carbohydrate | Molecules that include sugars, starches, and fiber. (good for energy)
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| Nucleic Acid | molecule that carries information to the cells. (DNA)
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| Phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorous
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| Cytoskeleton | Gives shape and support to the cell. (Bones)
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| Mitochondrion | The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration, which releases energy for cell use. (battery, power plant)
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| Ribosome | Makes proteins for the cells with amino acids
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins. (roads)
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| Golgi Complex | Packages and disstributes material, such as proteins. (UPS/Mail)
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| Cell Wall | Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane only found in plant cells.
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| Vacuole | Fluid filled vesicle found in the cells of most animals, plants, and fungi. (Storage) Stores all enzymes, wastes, nutrients and water
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| Chloroplast | Organelles in plant cellls only that use photosynthesis to make their food. Green pigment called Chlorophyll.
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| Lysosome | Produces enzymes that digest wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders. (Recycling Center)
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| Tissue | A group of similiar cells that perform a common function. (muscle tissue)
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| Organ | A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function. (heart, lungs, brain)
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| Organ System | a Group of Organs that work together to perform body functions. (circulatory system, nervous system)
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| Structure | The arrangements of parts in in an organism or object
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| Function | the activity of each part ion an organism
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| Homeostasis | The maintenance of an internal balance of conditions in a changing external environment. Creating balance.
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| Photosynthesis | The process used by plants to make their own food.
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| Cellular respiration | Process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
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| Binary fission | type of asexual reproduction where prokaryotic cells divide into 2 cells
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| Mitosis | when chromosome copies are separated and the nucleus and cell divide to form 2 identical cells
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| Passive transport | The movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| Diffusion | The movemnet of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration
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| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane
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| Active transport | The movement of particles where the cell must use energy
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| Endocytosis | When a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose it and bring it INTO the cell
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| Exocytosis | Particles are enclosed and RELEASED from the cell
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| Cell Theory | 1. The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
2. All organisms are made of 1 or more cells
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
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