Ch. 2 med terms
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| anatomic position | standing up straight so that the body is erect & facing forward
holding the arms at the sides with hands turned so that the palms face toward the front
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| sagittal plane | is a vertical plane that divides the body into UNEQUAL left & right portions
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| midsagittal plane (midline) | is the sagittal plane that divides the body into EQUAL left & right portions
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| frontal plane ( coronal plane) | is a vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR (front) & POSTRIOR (back) portions
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| transverse plane | is a horizontal plane that divides the body into SUPERIOR (upper) & INFERIOR (lower) portions
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| ventral | refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
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| *DORSAL | refers to the back of the organ or body
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| anterior | situated in the front
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| posterior | situated in the back
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| superior | uppermost, above, or towards the head
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| inferior | lowermost, below, or towards the feet
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| cephalic | towards the head
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| caudal | towards the lower part of the body
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| proximal | situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
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| distal | situated farthest from the midline or beginning of the body structure
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| medial | the direction towards or near the midline
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| lateral | the direction towards, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline
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| dorsal cavity | located along the back of the body & head, contains organs of the nervous system
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| cranial cavity | located within the skull, surrounds & protects the brain
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| spinal cavity | located within the spinal column, surrounds & protects the spinal cord
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| ventral cavity | located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
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| right & left hypochondriac region | are covered by the lower ribs
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| RUQ | right upper quadrant
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| LUQ | left upper quadrant
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| RLQ | right lower quadrant
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| LLQ | left lower quadrant
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| aplasia | is the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
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| hypoplasia | is the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
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| anaplasia | is a change in the structure of cells & in their orientation to each other
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| hyperplasia | is the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
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| exocrine glands | secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body, such as sweat glands
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| *ENDOCRINE GLADS | produce hormones, do not have ducts
these hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, & are then transported to organs & structures throughout the body
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| adenitis | is the inflammation of a gland
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| adenoma | is a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
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| adenomalacia | is the abnormal softening of a gland
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| adenosis | is any disease or condition of a gland
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| *ADENOSCLEROSIS | is the abnormal hardening of a gland
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| *ADENECTOMY | is the surgical removal of a gland
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| *ETIOLOGY | is the study of the causes of diseases
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| *PATHOGEN | is a disease-producing microorganism such as a virus
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| bloodborne transmission | the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.
example:HIV, hepatitis B & most STDs
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| airborne transmission | occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze
examples: tuberculosis, flu, colds & measles
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| endemic | refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area
example: the common cold
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| *EPIDEMIC | is a sudden & wide spread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
example: a sudden widespread outbreak of measles
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| *SKELETAL system | supports & shapes the body. Protects the internal organs. Forms some blood cells & stores minerals
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| pandemic | refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
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| nosocomial infection | is a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
example: MRSA
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| atresia | describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
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| general practitioner | family practice, provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
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| geriatrician | is a physician who specializes in the care of older people
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