Cells and Energy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ATP | a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
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| ADP | a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group
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| chemosynthesis | a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
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| photosynthesis | a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
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| chlorophyll | a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light
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| thylakoid | coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments
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| light-dependent reactions | reactions that capture energy from sunlight
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| light-independent reactions | reactions that use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars
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| photosystem | groups of molecules in with energy in captured and transferred in the thylakoid membranes
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| electron transport chain | a series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid
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| ATP synthase | the process that makes ATP by adding phosphate groups to ADP
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| Calvin cycle | chemical reactions that use carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars
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| cellular respiration | a process that releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present
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| aerobic | a type of process that needs oxygen to take place
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| glycolysis | the process that splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP
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| anaerobic | a type of process that does not need oxygen to take place
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| Krebs cycle | the cycle that produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration
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| fermentation | an anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue
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| lactic acid | the substance that causes your muscles to "burn" during hard exercise
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