Biology Midterm Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| The process of a forest regrowing after a forest fire is known as what? | ecological succession (secondary succession)
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| What type of symbiosis is happening when a bee collects nectar from a flower, and in turn the flower gets pollinated? | mutualism
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| What type of symbiosis is happening when a tapeworm feeds off of a dog? | parasitism
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| What is the carrying capacity of a population? | The maximum number of organisms that an environment can support (based on resource availability)
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| What is the order of ecological organization, from smallest to largest? | Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
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| What is homeostasis? | The state of being in balance in a body to maintain a stable internal environment; usually associated with temperature (sweating when hot, shivering when cold)
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| What is the independent variable for an experiment? | The thing being tested in an experiment; what you are controlling
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| What is the dependent variable for an experiment? | The thing being measured in an experiment; what you are measuring
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| What is thigmotropism? | Plant tropism in response to touch
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| What is hydrotropism? | Plant tropism in response to water
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| What is phototropism? | Plant tropism in response to light
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| What is gravitropism? | Plant tropism in response to gravity
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| What is a positive tropism? | Moving towards the stimulus
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| What is a negative tropism? | Moving away from the stimulus
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| What is competitive exclusion? | Concept where two species that occupy the same niche (do the same job, eat the same food, live in the same are) cannot survive for extended periods of time; one species out-competes the other so the losing species either leaves or dies out
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| What does "organic" mean? | Contains carbon
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| What macromolecule is made out of simple sugars? | Carbohydrates
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| What macromolecule is the main source of energy for living organisms? | Carbohydrates
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| What is an enzyme? | A specialized proteins that catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
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| What is the active site of an enzyme? | Place where the substrate (chemical an enzyme reacts with) binds on the enzyme
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| What makes an enzyme specific for the substrate it reacts with? | Shape (lock and key)
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| Does an object have to breathe oxygen in order to be considered alive? | No! Some organisms survive by only doing fermentation to get energy (which doesn't required oxygen) while others use different gases
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| What is the smallest unit of a living thing (that is still considered to be alive)? | Cell
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| Does an object have to eat to be considered living? | No! Plants make their own food instead of 'eating'
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| Which scientist observed cork under a microscope and named what he saw cells? | Robert Hooke
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| What kind of cell does not have a nucleus? | Prokaryote
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| Most prokaryotes are what type of organism | Bacteria
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| What cell part screens (selects) what is able to enter and leave the cell? | Cell membrane
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| What cell part, found in all cells, builds proteins for use in the cell and body? | Ribosome
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| What is the large, open compartment found in plant cells that is used for storage called? | vacuole
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| Which cell organelle has the job or function of helping to break down and digest old cell parts and foreign materials (such as bacteria)? | Lysosome
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| Which cell organelle is involved in gathering food to make energy? | choroplast
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| Which cell organelle is involved in converting food into energy? | mitochondria
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| What cell organelle is most closely associated with energy conversion for a cell? | mitochondria
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| What are the 3 purposes of mitosis? | growth, repair, replacement
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| How many cells are made from mitosis? | two
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| What are the cells like, compared to the parent cell, at the end of mitosis (same or different)? | Same
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| What term means having two copies of chromosomes? | Diploid
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| What term means having one copy of a chromosome? | Haploid
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| How many cells are made from meiosis? | four
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| What cell mitotic phase has the daughter cells forming a new nucleus? | telophase
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| What process is happening when parts of two homologous chromosomes are switched during prophase I? | crossing over
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| What type of cells do meiosis? | gametes
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| What is another name for normal body cells? | somatic cells
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| What is the name of the structure that holds sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome called? | centromere
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| What does hydrophilic mean? | water-loving
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| What kind of cell transport requires energy? (active or passive) | active transport
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| What kind of cell transport is diffusion? (active or passive) | passive transport
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| What is the form of energy used by cells for cell processes? | ATP
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| What kind of cell transport is endocytosis/exocytosis? (active or passive) | Active transport
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| What kind of cell transport is osmosis? (active or passive) | passive transport
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| What kind of cell transport moves materials (solute) from areas of high to low concentration? | diffusion
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| Osmosis and diffusion will move materials until what point or state is reached (what is it called)? | equilibrium
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| What is a solution with a lot of solute in it called? | hypertonic
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| What is a solution with a small amount of solute called? | hypotonic
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| Plants appear green because chlorophyll does what to green light? | reflects
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| What three things do plants need to do photosynthesis? | water, carbon dioxide, light
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| What molecule must be present to get the most energy out of glucose in cell respiration? | oxygen
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| What cell process happens in mitochondria? | cell respiration
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| What happens when a phosphate is added to an ADP molecule? | Energy is stored in the bond
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| What type of organisms are found in the first trophic level of an energy pyramid? | plants
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| Organisms that make their own food are known as what? | autotrophs
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| Organisms that must eat (consume) food for energy are known as what? | heterotrophs
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| What is the name of the process in which toxins can build up in organisms via the food chain? | biomagnification
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| What human activity has the biggest effect on increasing the greenhouse effect on Earth? | burning fossil fuels
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| How many variables should you test in an experiment, at the same time? | one
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| What is the simplest level of organization to the most complex? | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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| What level of ecological organization includes both biotic and abiotic factors? | ecosystem
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