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Biology Midterm
Biology Midterm Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process of a forest regrowing after a forest fire is known as what? | ecological succession (secondary succession) |
| What type of symbiosis is happening when a bee collects nectar from a flower, and in turn the flower gets pollinated? | mutualism |
| What type of symbiosis is happening when a tapeworm feeds off of a dog? | parasitism |
| What is the carrying capacity of a population? | The maximum number of organisms that an environment can support (based on resource availability) |
| What is the order of ecological organization, from smallest to largest? | Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| What is homeostasis? | The state of being in balance in a body to maintain a stable internal environment; usually associated with temperature (sweating when hot, shivering when cold) |
| What is the independent variable for an experiment? | The thing being tested in an experiment; what you are controlling |
| What is the dependent variable for an experiment? | The thing being measured in an experiment; what you are measuring |
| What is thigmotropism? | Plant tropism in response to touch |
| What is hydrotropism? | Plant tropism in response to water |
| What is phototropism? | Plant tropism in response to light |
| What is gravitropism? | Plant tropism in response to gravity |
| What is a positive tropism? | Moving towards the stimulus |
| What is a negative tropism? | Moving away from the stimulus |
| What is competitive exclusion? | Concept where two species that occupy the same niche (do the same job, eat the same food, live in the same are) cannot survive for extended periods of time; one species out-competes the other so the losing species either leaves or dies out |
| What does "organic" mean? | Contains carbon |
| What macromolecule is made out of simple sugars? | Carbohydrates |
| What macromolecule is the main source of energy for living organisms? | Carbohydrates |
| What is an enzyme? | A specialized proteins that catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reactions by lowering activation energy |
| What is the active site of an enzyme? | Place where the substrate (chemical an enzyme reacts with) binds on the enzyme |
| What makes an enzyme specific for the substrate it reacts with? | Shape (lock and key) |
| Does an object have to breathe oxygen in order to be considered alive? | No! Some organisms survive by only doing fermentation to get energy (which doesn't required oxygen) while others use different gases |
| What is the smallest unit of a living thing (that is still considered to be alive)? | Cell |
| Does an object have to eat to be considered living? | No! Plants make their own food instead of 'eating' |
| Which scientist observed cork under a microscope and named what he saw cells? | Robert Hooke |
| What kind of cell does not have a nucleus? | Prokaryote |
| Most prokaryotes are what type of organism | Bacteria |
| What cell part screens (selects) what is able to enter and leave the cell? | Cell membrane |
| What cell part, found in all cells, builds proteins for use in the cell and body? | Ribosome |
| What is the large, open compartment found in plant cells that is used for storage called? | vacuole |
| Which cell organelle has the job or function of helping to break down and digest old cell parts and foreign materials (such as bacteria)? | Lysosome |
| Which cell organelle is involved in gathering food to make energy? | choroplast |
| Which cell organelle is involved in converting food into energy? | mitochondria |
| What cell organelle is most closely associated with energy conversion for a cell? | mitochondria |
| What are the 3 purposes of mitosis? | growth, repair, replacement |
| How many cells are made from mitosis? | two |
| What are the cells like, compared to the parent cell, at the end of mitosis (same or different)? | Same |
| What term means having two copies of chromosomes? | Diploid |
| What term means having one copy of a chromosome? | Haploid |
| How many cells are made from meiosis? | four |
| What cell mitotic phase has the daughter cells forming a new nucleus? | telophase |
| What process is happening when parts of two homologous chromosomes are switched during prophase I? | crossing over |
| What type of cells do meiosis? | gametes |
| What is another name for normal body cells? | somatic cells |
| What is the name of the structure that holds sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome called? | centromere |
| What does hydrophilic mean? | water-loving |
| What kind of cell transport requires energy? (active or passive) | active transport |
| What kind of cell transport is diffusion? (active or passive) | passive transport |
| What is the form of energy used by cells for cell processes? | ATP |
| What kind of cell transport is endocytosis/exocytosis? (active or passive) | Active transport |
| What kind of cell transport is osmosis? (active or passive) | passive transport |
| What kind of cell transport moves materials (solute) from areas of high to low concentration? | diffusion |
| Osmosis and diffusion will move materials until what point or state is reached (what is it called)? | equilibrium |
| What is a solution with a lot of solute in it called? | hypertonic |
| What is a solution with a small amount of solute called? | hypotonic |
| Plants appear green because chlorophyll does what to green light? | reflects |
| What three things do plants need to do photosynthesis? | water, carbon dioxide, light |
| What molecule must be present to get the most energy out of glucose in cell respiration? | oxygen |
| What cell process happens in mitochondria? | cell respiration |
| What happens when a phosphate is added to an ADP molecule? | Energy is stored in the bond |
| What type of organisms are found in the first trophic level of an energy pyramid? | plants |
| Organisms that make their own food are known as what? | autotrophs |
| Organisms that must eat (consume) food for energy are known as what? | heterotrophs |
| What is the name of the process in which toxins can build up in organisms via the food chain? | biomagnification |
| What human activity has the biggest effect on increasing the greenhouse effect on Earth? | burning fossil fuels |
| How many variables should you test in an experiment, at the same time? | one |
| What is the simplest level of organization to the most complex? | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| What level of ecological organization includes both biotic and abiotic factors? | ecosystem |
Created by:
RYorkBio
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