Cell Structure and Function
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| cell theory | the major principles of this are: 1) all organisms are made of cells, 2) all existing cells are produced by other living cells, and 3) the cell is the most basic unit of life
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| cytoplasm | a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks
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| organelle | structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell
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| prokaryotic cell | cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
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| eukaryotic cell | cells that do have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
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| cytoskeleton | a network of proteins that is constantly changing to meet the needs of a cell
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| nucleus | the storehouse for most of the genetic information (or DNA) in a cell
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| endoplasmic reticulum | an interconnected network of then folded membranes
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| ribosome | tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
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| Golgi apparatus | closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins
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| vesicle | small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within the cell
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| mitochondrion | the powerhouse of the cell; supplies energy to the cell
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| vacuole | a fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by the cell
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| lysosome | membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes
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| centriole | cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
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| cell wall | a rigid layer that gives protection, support, and shape to the cell (only present in plant cells)
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| chloroplast | organelles that carry out photosynthesis
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| cell membrane | the plasma membrane that forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell
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| phospholipid | a molecule composed of three basic part: a charged phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains
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| fluid mosaic model | a model that describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane
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| selective permeability | the allowance of some but not all materials to cross
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| receptor | a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response
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| passive transport | the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell
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| diffusion | the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
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| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
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| osmosis | the process in which water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
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| isotonic | a type of solution that has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell
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| hypertonic | a type of solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell
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| hypotonic | a type of solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell
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| facilitated diffusion | the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins
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| active transport | transport that drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
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| endocytosis | the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
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| phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles
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| exocytosis | the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
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