Carbon Compounds and Molecules of Life
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| Organic Compounds | Compounds made primarily of carbon atoms.
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| Functional Groups | Clusters of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo.
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| Monomers | What many carbon compounds are made up of.
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| Polymer | A molecule that consists of repeated, linked units.
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| Macromolecules | Large polymers.
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| Condensation Reaction | When monomers link together to form polymers through a chemical reaction.
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| Hydrolysis | A reaction where water is used to break down a polymer.
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A compound used to store large amounts of energy in their structure.
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| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom.
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| Monosaccharide | A monomer of carbohydrate's. A simple sugar.
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| Disaccharide | Two monosaccharides or double the sugar.
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| Polysaccharide | A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides.
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| Proteins | Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
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| Amino Acids | The long chains that make up proteins.
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| Peptide Bond | A condensation reaction with two amino acids to form a covalent bond.
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| Enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. Essential to the function of any cell.
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| Substrate | The reactant that is being catalyzed.
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| Active Site | The place where the enzyme and the substrate meet.
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| Lipids | Large, nonpolar organic molecules.
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| Fatty Acids | Unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids.
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| Phospholoids | Have two rather than three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.
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| Wax | A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain.
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| Steroids | The molecules in this substance are composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them.
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| Nucleic Acids | Very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information into the cell.
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| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Contains information and determines characteristics of of an organism and directs cell activities.
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| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins.
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| Nucleotide | The thousands of linked monomers that make up DNA and RNA molecules
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