Chapter 3 Section 2 Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom.
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| monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate; a simple sugar that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1
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| disaccharide | two monosaccharaides that combine in a condensation reaction to form this double sugar
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| polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharaides
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| protein | organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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| amino acid | these linked together create proteins
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| peptide bond | two amino acids forming a covalent bond
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| polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids
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| enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts; essential for the functioning of any cell
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| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed
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| active site | fold in an enzyme
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| lipid | large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water
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| fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids
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| phospholipid | have two, rather than three, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
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| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain
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| steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them
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| nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and direst its cell activities
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins
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| nucleotide | made of three main components; a phosphate group, a five- carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base
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