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MB Chapter 3-2
Chapter 3 Section 2 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. |
| monosaccharide | a monomer of a carbohydrate; a simple sugar that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1 |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharaides that combine in a condensation reaction to form this double sugar |
| polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharaides |
| protein | organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| amino acid | these linked together create proteins |
| peptide bond | two amino acids forming a covalent bond |
| polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids |
| enzyme | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts; essential for the functioning of any cell |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed |
| active site | fold in an enzyme |
| lipid | large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| fatty acid | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| phospholipid | have two, rather than three, fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain |
| steroid | composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and direst its cell activities |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing of proteins |
| nucleotide | made of three main components; a phosphate group, a five- carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base |
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