Nursing care to prevent infection
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| What are some risk factors in infectious disease transmission? | age, nutritional status, stress, disease process
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| What are interventions for preventing infection transmission in regards to the infectious agent? | Hand Hygiene
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| What are interventions for preventing infection transmission in regards to the reservoir? | Perform hand hygiene and use proper methods of asepsis to clean equipment and work space
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| What are interventions for preventing infection transmission in regards to the modes of transmission? | Hand hygiene; proper cleansing of equipment
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| What are interventions for preventing infection transmission in regards to the portal of entry&exit? | sterilize equipment (needles or any other invasive equipment)
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| What are interventions for preventing infection transmission in regards to the susceptible host? | use of antibiotics; healthy lifestyles; maintaining strong immune system
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| What are the bodies normal defenses against infection? | skin, mouth, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, vagina
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| What are the events of the inflammatory response? | Vascular& cellular responses: acute inflammation=immediate response to injury. rapid vasodilation occurs, allowing increased blood flow& warmth @ site of injury; swelling and pain occur @ this point, WBC arrive @ site, phagocytosis occurs; fever
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| When an injury occurs and inflammation is present what happens once the WBC arrive at the site of injury? | phagocytosis, fever due to release pyrogens from WBC; accumulation of dead tissue/cells, WBC forms exudate @ site of inflammation; platelets&plasma proteins such as fibrinogen form mesh like matrix @ site of inflammation to prevent its spread
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| How does the body repair tissues | Damaged cells are replaced with new healthy cells; new cells undergo a gradual maturation until they take on the same structural characteristics, granule tissue is not as strong as tissue collagen and assumes form of scar tissue
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| What are signs and symptoms of a localized infection | pain, tenderness, redness, edema
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| What are signs and symptoms of a systemic infection | fever, headache, nausea, malaise
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| Define fever | Elevation in the hypothalamic set point so body temp, is regulated at a higher level
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| What are causes of fever? | Infections of ear, lungs, skin, throat, bladder, kidney, conditions causing inflammation, side effects of drugs, cancer, vaccines, blood clots, autoimmune disease, hormone disorders
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| what are symptoms of/related to fever in children? | lethargy, fussiness, poor appetite, sore throat, cough, ear pain, vomiting, diarrhea
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| What are symptoms of/related to fever in adults? | headache, vomitting, aches, lethargy, sore throat, diarrhea
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| How do you treat a fever? | Over the counter drugs; acetaminophen (tylenol) or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen)
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| What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis? | medical asepsis reduces the number of microorganisms present& surgical asepsis eliminates microorganisms entirely
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| What is the rationale for standard precautions? | To reduce risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens in hospitals; to protect yourself and your patient
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| Describe data required to assess infection | Defense mechanisms, susceptibility, knowledge of how infections are transmitted, travel history, immunizations, vaccinations, history, clinical condition, medical history
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| List precautions to take for diff types of isolation? | Contact:Come into contact w/ blood/ body fluids- wear gown, glove; Droplet:transmitted by large droplets expelled in air-wear gown, gloves, mask; Airborne:transmitted by smaller droplets-gloves, gown, Na5 respirator;
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| What impact do infections have on the geriatric population and their community resources? | Infection has a huge impact on the geriatric population due to their age and compromised immune systems; more likely to get sick or generate infection b/c defense mechanisms are not as strong; less capable of producing lymphocytes to fight off pathogens
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