Muscular/skeletal/neurological
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| Describe the shape and surface of the spine | Has 4 curves (Double S shape); cervical and lumbar curves are concave (inward); thoracic and sacrococcygeal curves are convex (outward);
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| What are some health history questions used to collect subjective data for muscular-skeletal info | Joints- pain, swelling, stiffness?; Muscle- pain, cramps, weakness? Bones- pain, deformities, fractures, sprains, dislocations; functional assessment- any care deficiency in normal daily routine; pt. centered care- occupational hazards, lifestyle choices
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| What are some health history questions for collecting neurological subj, data | Headaches- usual/frequent? Injury? Dizziness? Seizures? Weakness/ incoordination? numbness or tingling? difficulty swallowing? Difficulty speaking? any past history?
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| What are some health history questions for collecting mental subjective data | LOC?
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| Document characteristics noted in inspection, palpation of muscles, and bones and joints | joints and muscles symmetric; no swelling masses, masses, deformity; normal spina curvature; no tenderness to palpation of joints; no heat, swelling, or masses; full ROM; movements smooth; no crepitus;able to maintain flexion against resistance
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| When assessing muscle strength, how would you rate results? | On a scale of 0-5; 5/5- (normal); 4/5- (slightly weak), 3/5- against gravity not resistance (average weakness); 2/5- passive ROM (poor M); 1/5- slight flicker (Severe weakness); 0/5- paralysis
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| Describe various functions of central nervous system | Consists of brain and spinal cord; Acts as body's command center; interprets sensory input;
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| Describe the functions of the peripheral nervous system | carries info to and from CNS; two kinds of cells: motor and sensory
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| Identify the assessment techniques used for the brief neuro-check | Use in emergencies or when frequent assessments are needed to detect rapid neuro change; LCO, Pupillary, movement & strength of extremities; sensation in extremities, vital signs
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| What tests would you perform when assessing for sensation, balance, and coordination? | Rhombergs test- balance; Superficial pain/ superficial touch- sensation; motor& cerebellar- rapid finger to nose test- coordination
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| What are principles of health promotion related to muscular- skeletal system | Adequate intake of calcium, exercise, practicing good posture, etc
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