BIO exam 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| energy | capacity to do work; requires material & energy.
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| reproduction | to make more of itself
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| homeostasis | staying the same, internal environment**
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| evolution | frequency of changes in population. Adaptations that stuck around from generation - generation.
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| KPCOFGS | K-kingdom
P-phylum
C-class
O-order
F-family
G-genus
S-species
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| Main domains? | Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya
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| prokaryotes | lack of nucleus
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| eukaryotes | w/ nucleas
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| taxonomy | assignment of binomial(two part name) to each species. First word(capitalized): genus
second word: specific species name. Homo sapiens.
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| biosphere | zone of air, land, and water on earth where living organisms are found
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| population | where individual organisms are found, members of a species within a particular area
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| community | all the different populations in the same area
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| biodiversity | total number of species, variability of their genes, and the ecosystems in which they live
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| biology | study of life
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| observations | using 5 senses, instruments, knowledge/past experiences
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| inductive reasoning | creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a whole
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| hypothesis | a well educated guess or explanation for a natural event. must be able to be repeated
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| deductive reasoning | if, then logic.
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| experimental design | how a scientist plans to conduct his experiment
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| model | representation of an actual subject
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| theory | concepts that join together by well supported and related hypothesis. supported by a broad range of observations and repeated positive experiments
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| principle | something accepted by an overwhelming number of people. (evolution)
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| abiotic | the nonliving aspects. sunlight, inorganic nutrients, water availability, wind speed, average temperature, type of soil, and conditions
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| biotic | various populations of species that form a community
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| autotrophs | self feeders. produce their own food and food for other organisms in the population by an outside energy source.
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| heterotrophs | need an outside source, they consume food.
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| detritus | partially decomposed matter in the water and soil.
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| ecological pyramid | large energy losses that occur between successive trophic levels
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| trophic level | all the organisms that feed at a particular link in a food chain
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| reservoir | source normally unavailable to producers; fossilized remains, rocks, deep sea sediments
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| exchange pools | source from which organisms generally take chemicals such as the atmosphere or soil
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| biotic community | chemicals move along food chains perhaps never entering a pool
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| water cycle step 1 | fresh water is distilled from salt water, suns rays cause fresh water to evaporate from sea water and the salts are left behind
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| water cycle step 2 | condensation occurs, amount of water evaporating from the ocean exceeds the amount of precipitation that falls back into the ocean; often the excess moves over and falls on land.
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| water cycle step 3 | water also evaporates from land. plants. bodies of water. gravity eventually returns all fresh water to the sea .
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| precipitation | rain snow sleet hail and fog
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| aquifers | rock layers that contain water and release it in appreciable quantities to wells or springs.
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| How are aquifers recharged? | when snow/rain percolate into the soil
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| H20 human activities | using too much aquifer water, ground water levels are falling-could run out
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| phosphorous cycle | limited for plants. p moves from rocks on land to the oceans where it gets trapped in sediments. P then moves back onto land following a geological upheavel
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| p human activities | fertilizers, cause too much algae in water, when algae die decomposers use all the oxygen so massive fish kill
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| nitrogen cycle | unavailable for plants - also limiting nutrient for plants
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| nitrogen fixation | nitrogen gas converts into ammonium ions - plants can use
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| nitrification | nitrogen gas converted to nitrate - ammonium ions in the soil are converted to nitrate by soil bacteria---first nitrite producing bacteria convert ammonium ions-nitrite; and then nitrate producing bacteria convert nitrite to nitrate
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| chemautotrophs | two groups of bacteria in nitrification called the nitrifying bacteria
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| dentrification | conversion of nitrate back to nitrogen gas-enter the atmosphere, would counterbalance nitrogen fixation except human activites
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| nitrogen cycle human activities | fertilizer does same as p, fertilizer use results in nitrous oxide - causes acid rain and ozone depletion
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| deserts | rainfall: less than 25 cm
temp:v. hot
animals: reptiles, snakes, insects, kangaroo, coyotes, hawk, rodents
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| savannas | some trees
cool dry season ---hot rainy season
trees: acacia
animals: elephants, giraffes, lions, hyenas, cheetahs, leopards,zebras, buffalo. rhino
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| grasslands | rainfall greater than 25 cm no trees
grasses - seasonal
bison migrate
ground squirrels hibernate
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| shrublands | dry summers - rain during winter
small thick evergreen leaves - waxy - flammable quickly regrow
coyotes jackrabbits gophers rodents
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| tropical forests | minimum of 190 cm rainfall
richest land
most wildlife - variety of animals, plants, insects
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| temperate decidous forests | south of taiga
75 - 150 cm rainfall
seasons well defined
oak beech maple leaves fall & regrow
squirrels skunks rabbits turkeys pheasants red foxes deer bears
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| coniferous forests | cone/needle trees spruce pine fir
v cold lots of snow
mountains
deer moose bear mountain lion beavers
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| tundra | 20 cm rainfall
not a desert bc of melting snow - creates little ponds and bogs
short grasses
reindeer caribou wolves birds insects
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