Psych E2
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| Agitation | Inability to sit still & heightened emotions/tension
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| Algoia | Poverty of Speech; reduced fluency/productivity of thought and speech
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| Hypofrontality | Reduced cerebral blood flow & glucose metabolism in prefrontal cortex
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| Word Salad | Shift after 1 or 2 words
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| Non-Bizarre Delusions | C/B adherence to possible situations that could appear in real life (plausible)
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| Verbigeration | Purposeless repetition of words/phrases
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| Tangentiality | Topic changes to entirely different topic w/n logical progression but causes permanent detour from original focus
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| Stifled Language | Overly and inappropriately formal language
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| Referential Thinking | Belief neutral stimuli has special meaning to the individual (ex: TV commentator speaking directly to individual)
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| Prodromal | Early symptom indicating development of disease/syndrome
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| Pressured Speech | Speaking as if words are forced out
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| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | Life-threatening condition that can develop in reaction to antipsychotic meds (muscle rigidity, HTN, tachycardia, incontinence, leukocytosis)
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| Neologisms | Words made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized
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| Metonymic Speech | Use of words with similar meanings interchangeably
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| Loose Associations/Flight of Ideas | Shift after 1 or 2 phrases
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| Illusions | Create oversensitivity to colors, shapes, background activities when person misperceives external environment
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| Hypervigilance | Sustained attention to external stimuli as if expecting something important/frightening to happen
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| Flight of Ideas | Repeated and rapid changes in topic
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| Echopraxia | Involuntary imitation of another person's movements & gestures
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| Echolalia | Parrot-like and inappropriate repetition of another person's words
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| Disorganized Symptoms | Symptoms of schizophrenia that make it difficult for person to understand and respond to ordinary sights and sights
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| Delusions | Fixed false beliefs that can't be changes by reason
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| Concrete Thinking | Lack of abstraction in thinking in which ppl are unable to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies
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| Clang Association | Repetition of words/phrases similar in sound but no other way (ex: right-light-sight)
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| Catatonic Excitement | Hyperactivity C/B purposeless activity & abnormal movements (ex: grimacing and posturing)
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| Avolition | W/drawal & inability to initiate/persist in goal-directed activity
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| Autistic Thinking | Thinking restricted to literal and immediate; individual has private rules of logic & reasoning that make no sense to others
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| Apathy | Diminished interest and desire
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| Anhedonia | Inability to express pleasure
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| Ambivalence | Presence/Expression of two opposing feelings - leads to inaction
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| Flat Affect | Emotional expression Absent
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| Blunt Affect | Expression greatly diminished
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| Affective Lability | Abrupt, dramatic, unprovoked changes
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| Dysarthria | Difficulty articulating words
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| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing
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| Bizarre Delusions | Impossible, illogical, and not derived from ordinary life experiences
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| Stereotypy | Idiosyncratic, repetitive, purposeless movements
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| Waxy Flexibility | Posture held in odd or unusual fixed positions for extended periods
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| Circumstantiality | Extremely detailed and lengthy discourse about a subject
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| Paranoia | Suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic and often accompanied by grandiosity
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| Aggression | Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
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| Regressed Behavior | Behaving in a manner of a less mature stage of life
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| Depression | Overwhelming sadness, loss of interest, guilt, disturbed sleep and appetite, low Energy
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| Unipolar | Single abnormal mood state (ex: depression)
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| Mood Episode | Severe mood changes that lasts @least 2 weeks that causes clinically significant distress/impairment
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| Major Depressive Episodes | Lasts @least 2 weeks and includes 4 symptoms
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| Dysthymic Disorder | Milder but more chronic form that lasts @least 2 years in adults and includes 3 symptoms
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| Psychosis | A state in which an individual experiences + symptoms
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| Delusional Disorder | Psychotic disorder C/B nonbizarre, logical, and stable delusions that occur in the absence of other psychiatric disordres
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| Nonbizarre Delusions | Ex: Being followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by lover/spouse
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| Erotomanic Delusions | C/B belief that the patient is loved intensely by "loved object" who is usually unattainable
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| Gradiose Delusions | Convinced have great, unrecognized talent/discovery; less common is special relationship with prominent person or is a prominent person
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| Jealous Delusions | Unfatihfulness belief that arises without cause and based on incorrect "evidence" (ex: spots on sheets)
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| Somatic Delusions | Involves bodily functions/sensations and belief they have ailments and seek medical care excessively
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| Mixed/Unspecified Delusions | 1 or more types of delusions; delusions where person is replaced by imposter
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| Persecutory Delusions | Patient's belief being conspired against, cheated/spied on, followed poisoned, drugged, harassed
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| Persecutory Delusions | May repeatedly appeal to courts and other agencies; often angry, violent, and resentful
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| Schizophreniform Disorder | Identical to schizophrenia w/ symptoms @least 1 month duration but less than 6 months
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| Brief Psychotic Disorder | @least 1 day but less than 1 month, sudden onset and at least one + symptom
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| Shared Psychotic Disorder | Person believes and shares part or all of the inducer's delusional beliefs
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| Thymoleptic | Mood-stabilizing
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| Schizoaffective Disorder (SAD) | C/B periods of intense symptoms alternating with quiet periods during which psychosocial functioning is adequate
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| Anergia | Extremely Tired (ex: too tired to wipe snot from nose)
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| Delirium | Acute cognitive impairments that can be caused by medical condition, substance abuse, or multiple etiologies
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| Hyperkinetic Delirium | Behaviors most commonly recognized as delirium (psychomotor hyperactivity, excitability, hallucinations)
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| Hypokinetic Delirium | Lethargy, sleepiness, and apathy & a decrease in psychomotor activity
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| Mixed Variant Delirium | Behavior that fluctuates between hyperactive and hypoactive
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| Cortical Dementia | Results from a disease process that globally afflict cortex (Alzheimer's is most common)
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| Subcortical Dementia | Caused by dysfunction/deterioration of deep gray/white matter structures in brain and brain stem.
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| Subcortical Dementia | Tends to disrupt arousal, attention, and motivation
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| Alzheimer Dementia | Degenerative, progressive neuropsychiatric disorder that results in cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral changes, physical and functional decline, and ultimately death
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| Aphasia | Alterations in language ability
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| Apraxia | Impaired ability to execute motor activities despite intact motor functioning
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| Agnosia | Failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function
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| Disturbance of Executive Functioning | Inability to think abstractly, plain, initiate, sequence, monitor, and stop complex behavior
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| Beta-Amyloid Plaques | Destroy cholinergic neurons; interferes with process of storing memories by interrupting synaptic connections
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| Neurofibrillatory Tangles | Abnormally twisted protein threads inside cells that disintegrates microtubules, collapses neuron's transport systems, and results in cell death
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| Acetylcholine (ACh) | A/W cognitive functioning (cell loss in nucleus leads to deficits in this chemical)
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| Catastrophic Reactions | Overreactions or extreme anxiety to everyday situations
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| Cognitive Reserve | Brain's ability to operate effectively even when there is disruptions in functioning
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| Vascular Dementia | Step-wise progressive dementia
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| Amnestic Disorder | Impairment in memory that is caused by direct physiologic effects of general medical condition or effects of substance
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| Confabulation | Filling gaps in memory with imaginary events (different from lying)
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| Expansive Mood | C/B lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings and frequently overvaluing one's own importance
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| Bipolar II | Has less dramatic symptoms & C/B hypomania
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| Bipolar I | @least 1 manic episode or mixed episode&depressive episode
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| Mania | C/B abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood
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| Hypomania | Mild form of mania
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| Hyomanic Episode | Less intense manic episode with little impairment in social/occupational functioning and intact judgment
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| Mixed Episode | When mania and depression occur @ same time, which leads to anxiety, agitation, and irritability
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| Manic Episode | Distinct period during which there is an abnormally & persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
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| Irritable Mood | Being easily annoyed and provoked to anger, particularly when wishes are challenged
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| Rapid Cycle | Occurrence of 4 or more episodes that meet criteria for manic, mixed, hypomanic, or depressive episode during the previous 12 months
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| Disinhibition | Equilibrium is compensation for external disturbance
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| Hypersexuality | Inappropriate and socially unacceptable sexual behavior
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| Impaired Consciousness | Less environmental awareness and loss of ability to focus attention
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| Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) | Transitional state between normal cognition and Alzheimer's disease
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| Acknowledgement | Recognizing the client’s opinions and statements without imposing your own values and judgment
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| Clarifying | The process of making sure you have understood the meaning of what was said
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| Confrontation | Calling attention to inconsistent behavior, information shared or not shared
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| Focusing | Assisting the client to explore a specific topic which may include sharing perceptions and theme identification
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| Reflecting/Restating | Paraphrasing or repeating what the client has said (Be careful not to overuse; client will feel as though you are not listening)
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| Vascular Dementia | Caused by lack of brain to blood, "small strokes"
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| Parkinson's Disease | Disorder to the CNS that affects movement
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| Huntington's Disease | An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.
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| Pick's Disease | a rare form of progressive dementia, typically occurring in late middle age and often familial, involving localized atrophy of the brain (distinguished from AD on autopsy)
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| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease | mad cow disease
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| Substance-Induced Persisting Dementia | most related to chronic alcohol abuse
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