Maintaining a Balance Terminology for revision
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Distal tubule | part of the nephron where water is extracted
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| DNA | abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule which makes up the genetic material of the chromosmes
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| Effector | Part of an organism which produces a response (e.g. heart, diaphragm).
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| Ectotherm | organism that changes its body temperature by using heat from the environment; plants and most animals except for mammals and birds are ectothermic
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| enantiostasis | the maintenance of metabolic and physiological functions in response to variations in the environment.
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| endocrine system | hormonal system that produces internal secretions which act upon organs
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| endotherm | animal that regulates its body temperature using heat generated by its metabolism; mainly birds and mammals are endothermic
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| enzyme | a highly specialised cellular protein that reduces the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, thereby increasing the speed of reactions; the names of enzymes often end in -ase (e.g. cellulase, which digests cellulose).
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| Eukaryotic | Cells which have their genetic material (chromosomes) inside a nucleus bounded by a membrane and which have other membrane-bound organelles; includes cells of protists, fungi, animals and plants.
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| Endocrine System | The system of glands that secrete hormones
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| Evaporative cooling | Removing heat from the body by changing liquid water to water vapour using heat from the skins surface (eg. sweating) or from respiratory surfaces (eg. panting).
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| Excretion | The elimination of harmful and unwanted products of metaoblism.
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| Excretory organs | Organs involved in the removal of wastes (kidneys, lungs, skin)
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| Gene | A unit of inheritance, usually part of a specific DNA molecule (chromosome)
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| Glomerulus | A bunch of capillaries found in the vertebrate kidney.
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| Activation Energy | The energy necessary to start a chemical reaction
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| Active Transport | Movement of substances across a membrane by a process requiring expenditure of energy
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| Ambient | Environmental or surrounding (eg.ambient temperature)
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| Ammonia | Main nitrogenous waste product of bony fish; excreted diluted in large amounts of water
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| Angiosperms | Flowering plants
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| Artery | Blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart
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| Bowman's Capsule | The capsule at the end of the vertebrate kidney which contains the glomerulus
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| Buffer | A solution of two or more chemicals which prevent marked changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH) when either an acid or base (alkali) is added to the system
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| Cambium | Group of cells which divide to form new xylem and phloem cells
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| Capillary | Microscopic blood vessels with walls one cell thick, across which materials are exchanged between blood and tissues
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| Cell | Smallest unit of life capable of reproducing itself
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| Chromosome | Structure made up of genetic material (DNA) and protein found mainly in the nucleus
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| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of water
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| Concentration | The amount of a substance in a specific amount of mixture or solution. Normally expressed as weight per unit volume (eg. 25 grams of salt per litre of water; 25g/L) or as molarity
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| Denatured | Structural change in proteins
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| Diffusion | Movement of particles in gases, liquids or solutions from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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| Stomates (stomata) | Holes(pores) in the leaves of plants. These pores are controlled by two guard cells which regulate the loss of water from the leaves(transpiration)
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| Temperature Gradient | Difference in temperature. Heat energy flows from an area of higher temperature to one of lower temperature.
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| Thyroid Gland | Endocrine gland in the throat area which produces thyroid hormones.
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| Thyroid Hormones | Hormones involved with regulating the level of body metabolism
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| Thyroid Regulating Hormone | TSH; hormone released by the pituitary gland which controls the functioning of the thyroid gland
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| Tension | Part of the transpiration-tension-cohesion theory of water movement in xylem tubes; it refers to the 'pulling' of water molecules from the roots to the leaves by negative pressure
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| Tissue | A group of cells, usually of similar type, found in a multicellular organism having a specific
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