SLS Bio 12 Biomolecules MW
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| acid | a molecule that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions
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| adenosine triphosphate | a nucleotide that contains a large amount of chemical energy stored in its high-energy phosphate bonds; energy used for many metabolic processes
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| amino acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group
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| base | bases describe solutions with a pH greater than 7; opposite of an acid
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| buffer | a solution that can maintain a nearly constant pH if it is diluted
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| carbohydrate | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose
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| complementary base pairing | describes the manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecules align with each other
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| dehydration synthesis | when monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the molecule that carries genetic information in all living systems
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| dipeptide | a peptide composed of two amino-acid residues.
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| disaccharide | any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues
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| double helix | a pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, especially that in the structure of the DNA molecule
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| hemoglobin | a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates
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| hydrogen bonding | the electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen (H) atom bound to a highly electronegative atom
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| hydrolysis | the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water
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| lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
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| monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
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| monosaccharide | any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar
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| neutral fat | produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol
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| nucleic acids | a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA
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| nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group
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| organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter
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| peptide bond | a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water
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| pH | a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, whether it is an acid or a base
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| phospholipid | a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
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| polarity | a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having a dipole or multipole moment
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| polymer | a substance that has a molecular structure consisting a number of similar units bonded together
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| polypeptide | a polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain
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| polysaccharide | a carbohydrate (e.x: cellulose) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together
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| primary structure | the sequence of amino acids forming a protein or polypeptide chain
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| protein | any nitrogenous organic compound that consists of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids
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| quaternary structure | the number and arrangement of multiple folded protein subunits in a multi-subunit complex
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| R-group | an abbreviation for any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | present in all living cells; acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
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| saturated fatty acid | a fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids
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| secondary structure | 2D structure adopted by a polynucleotide or polypeptide chain
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| solvent | liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
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| starch | odorless tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue; a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store
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| steroid | any of a large class of organic compounds with a molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms
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| tertiary structure | 3D structure resulting from folding and covalent cross-linking of a protein or polynucleotide molecule
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| unsaturated fatty acid | a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain (monounsaturated if contains one double bond, polyunsaturated if multiple)
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| nitrogenous base | a molecule containing nitrogen that has the same chemical properties as a base
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