Physiological Changes of Pregnancy
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| Breast Changes Nausea & Vomiting Urinary frequency Fatigue Quickening (16-20 weeks) Amenorrhea Uterus enlargment | What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?
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| Abdominal enlargement Hegar's sign Goodell's sign Chadwick's sign Positive pregnancy test Ballottement Braxton Hicks Contractions Fetal outline palpated by examiner | What are the probable signs of pregnancy?
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| Fetal heart sounds Visualization of fetus by ultrasound Fetal movements palpated by an experienced examiner | What are the probable signs of pregnancy?
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| Production can start as early as the day of implantation Levels peak around 60-70 days of gestation and decline until about the 80th day and will gradually increase till end of pregnancy | What is hCG?
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| Refers to the number of pregnancies in a woman's history | What is gravidity?
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| Refers the number of pregnancies that reached viability (20 weeks) | What is parity?
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| Acronym used to determine a woman's obstetric history | What is GTPAL?
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| Uterus increases in size, changes shape and position Menses and ovulation stop | What are reproductive changes during pregnancy?
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| Increased cardiac output Blood volume will increase by 45-50% Increased HR | What are the cardiovascular changes during pregnancy?
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| Diaphragm displacement occurs as uterus gets larger Lung capacity decreases RR increases | What are the respiratory changes during pregnancy?
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| Weight increase and necessitate an adjustment to posture Slight relaxation and increased mobility of the pelvic joints | What are the musculoskeletal changes during pregnancy?
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| Nausea and vomiting (early pregnancy) Displacement of stomach and intestines Delayed gastric motility and gastric emptying can result in constipation | What are the gastrointestinal changes during pregnancy?
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| Filtration rate increase Urine production stays the same Urinary frequency (1st and 3rd trimesters) | What are the renal changes during pregnancy?
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| By 14th week placenta produces large amounts of hCG progesterone estrogen human placental lactogen prostoglandins | What are endocrine changes during pregnancy?
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