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Biology

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Term
Definition
Atom   The smallest particles of an element  
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Proton   Positive Charge  
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Neutron   Neutral Charge  
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Electron   Negative Charge  
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Nucleus   Center core of an atom  
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Atomic number   identity of the element  
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Atom mass   Mass of the atom of different element  
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Isotopes   Same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons  
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Energy Level   a constant value of energy in the distribution of energies among a number of atomic particles  
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Intelligent Design   intelligent entity  
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Panspermia   outer space birth earth  
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Spontaneous   nonliving matter  
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Valence Shell   Outer shell of an atom  
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Ion   an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons  
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Chemical bond   an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms  
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Ionic bond   A form when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom  
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Oxidation   Any chemical reaction in which a material gives up electrons, as when the material combines with oxygen  
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Emergent Properties   It's the property where living things become more and more complex as it goes from cellular level to organ system  
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Covalent bond   A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms  
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Non-Polar covalent bond   are a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other  
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Polar covalent bond   a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms  
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Hydrogen bond   A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule  
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Passive transport   A kind of transport by which ions or molecules move along a concentration gradient, which means movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration  
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Diffusion   the process whereby particles of liquids, gases, or solids intermingle as the result of their spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and in dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration  
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Osmosis   the scientific process of transferring fluid between molecules  
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Facilitated diffusion   the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins  
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Active transport   The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane in the direction opposite that of diffusion, that is, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration  
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Endocytosis   the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle (distinguished from exocytosis)  
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phagocytosis   A process of a cell actively engulfing other cells or food particles  
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pinocytosis   the uptake of fluid and dissolved substances by a cell by invagination and pinching off of the cell membrane  
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Receptor mediated endocytosis   It means that inside of the cellular membrane there are specific proteins that are exposed to the fluids outside of the cell called the extracellular fluid  
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Exocytosis   a process by which a cell transports secretory products through the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane  
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