SLS Bio12 Biomolecules HO
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Acid | Has PH levels ranging from 1 to about 6.9. Acids are corrosive.
They contribute H+ ions to a solution. Acids are conductors.
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Adenosine | Is a structural component present in DNA and RNA. Is present in all living things.
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Triphosphate (ATP) | An organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups
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Amino acid | Amino acids are used to build proteins in our bodies.
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Base | Has PH levels ranging from about 7.1 to 14. Bases remove H+ions from a solution. Bases are conductors. They are caustic
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Buffer | A fail safe mechanism used by our bodies to regulate our blood PH keeping us healthy. Buffers can be overloaded. It can accept or donate H+ ions as needed. The most common Buffer in our bodies is the bicarbonate ion found in our blood.
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Carbohydrate | An organic compound containing a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. They can be broken down to release energy in living organisms.
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Complementary base pairing | the way in which the base molecules of DNA molecules combine. It is responsible for DNA's double helix structure
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Dehydration synthesis | The fusing of molecules resulting in a loss of water
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Molecule that carries genetic information specific to the organism its present in. DNA is in all living organisms. The code of DNA makes living things the way they are.
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Dipeptide | a peptide composed of two amino-acid residues.
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Disaccharide | a carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a molecule of water is removed from the molecule
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Double Helix | The structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA
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Hemoglobin | a protein responsible for the distribution of oxygen to tissue through red blood cells.
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Hydrogen bonding | the incredibly strong chemical bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Florine atom
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Hydrolysis | The reaction of water with another chemical compound to form two or more products
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Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
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Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
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Monosaccharide | Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates and the simplest form of sugar. They are smaller part of complex carbs found in fruits.
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Neutral fat | Neutral fats are neutral because they are uncharged and do not contain acidic or basic groups.
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Nucleic acids | a organic substance present in living cells. Primarily found in DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides strung together.
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Nucleotide | Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
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Organic | pertaining to living things. living tissue. Organisms based from carbon.
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Peptide bond | A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.
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pH | the symbol of the scale used for measuring acids and bases on a 14 point display. Acids-1-6 Bases-8-14 Neutral-7
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Phospholipid | a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule
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Polarity | Tendency of a molecule, or compound, to be attracted or repelled by electrical charges because of the arrangement of positively or negatively charged atoms in a molecule
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Polymer | a very large, chain molecule made up of monomers, which are small molecules. It can be naturally occurring or synthetic.
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Polypeptide | a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
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Polysaccharide | a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
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Primary structure | the basic sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein.
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Protein | A long chain of amino acids essential to all living organisms. There are many types of proteins.
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Quaternary | arrangement of more than one protein molecule in a multi-sub unit complex
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R-Group | any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule.
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid in all living cells. It acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
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Saturated fatty acid | Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. the chain of carbon atoms is fully "saturated" with hydrogen
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Secondary structure | The folded, helical structure of double-stranded DNA.
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Solvent | A substance that dissolves a solute that is chemically different from it creating a solution.
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Starch | a tasteless solid carbohydrate. Most commonly found in rice, beans and potatoes.
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Steroid | A group of fat soluble organic compounds.
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Tertiary structure | Any of numerous fat-soluble organic compounds found naturally in animals, plants, and fungi, or produced synthetically.
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Unsaturated fatty acid | the carbon chain of which possesses one or more double or triple bonds. Its called unsaturated because it is capable of absorbing extra hydrogen.
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Nitrogenous base | A molecule containing Nitrogen with properties of a base
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