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SLSBio12moleculesHO
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules HO
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Has PH levels ranging from 1 to about 6.9. Acids are corrosive. They contribute H+ ions to a solution. Acids are conductors. |
| Adenosine | Is a structural component present in DNA and RNA. Is present in all living things. |
| Triphosphate (ATP) | An organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups |
| Amino acid | Amino acids are used to build proteins in our bodies. |
| Base | Has PH levels ranging from about 7.1 to 14. Bases remove H+ions from a solution. Bases are conductors. They are caustic |
| Buffer | A fail safe mechanism used by our bodies to regulate our blood PH keeping us healthy. Buffers can be overloaded. It can accept or donate H+ ions as needed. The most common Buffer in our bodies is the bicarbonate ion found in our blood. |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound containing a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. They can be broken down to release energy in living organisms. |
| Complementary base pairing | the way in which the base molecules of DNA molecules combine. It is responsible for DNA's double helix structure |
| Dehydration synthesis | The fusing of molecules resulting in a loss of water |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Molecule that carries genetic information specific to the organism its present in. DNA is in all living organisms. The code of DNA makes living things the way they are. |
| Dipeptide | a peptide composed of two amino-acid residues. |
| Disaccharide | a carbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a molecule of water is removed from the molecule |
| Double Helix | The structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA |
| Hemoglobin | a protein responsible for the distribution of oxygen to tissue through red blood cells. |
| Hydrogen bonding | the incredibly strong chemical bond that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Florine atom |
| Hydrolysis | The reaction of water with another chemical compound to form two or more products |
| Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. |
| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| Monosaccharide | Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates and the simplest form of sugar. They are smaller part of complex carbs found in fruits. |
| Neutral fat | Neutral fats are neutral because they are uncharged and do not contain acidic or basic groups. |
| Nucleic acids | a organic substance present in living cells. Primarily found in DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides strung together. |
| Nucleotide | Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
| Organic | pertaining to living things. living tissue. Organisms based from carbon. |
| Peptide bond | A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules. |
| pH | the symbol of the scale used for measuring acids and bases on a 14 point display. Acids-1-6 Bases-8-14 Neutral-7 |
| Phospholipid | a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule |
| Polarity | Tendency of a molecule, or compound, to be attracted or repelled by electrical charges because of the arrangement of positively or negatively charged atoms in a molecule |
| Polymer | a very large, chain molecule made up of monomers, which are small molecules. It can be naturally occurring or synthetic. |
| Polypeptide | a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
| Polysaccharide | a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| Primary structure | the basic sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein. |
| Protein | A long chain of amino acids essential to all living organisms. There are many types of proteins. |
| Quaternary | arrangement of more than one protein molecule in a multi-sub unit complex |
| R-Group | any group in which a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to the rest of the molecule. |
| Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid in all living cells. It acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins |
| Saturated fatty acid | Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. the chain of carbon atoms is fully "saturated" with hydrogen |
| Secondary structure | The folded, helical structure of double-stranded DNA. |
| Solvent | A substance that dissolves a solute that is chemically different from it creating a solution. |
| Starch | a tasteless solid carbohydrate. Most commonly found in rice, beans and potatoes. |
| Steroid | A group of fat soluble organic compounds. |
| Tertiary structure | Any of numerous fat-soluble organic compounds found naturally in animals, plants, and fungi, or produced synthetically. |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | the carbon chain of which possesses one or more double or triple bonds. Its called unsaturated because it is capable of absorbing extra hydrogen. |
| Nitrogenous base | A molecule containing Nitrogen with properties of a base |
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holesen821
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