Chapter 3 Pathology
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| 3 divisions of thoracic cavity | pleural cavities, parietal pleura, visceral pleura
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| Anterior mediastinum includes: | Thyroid and thymus glands
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| middle mediastinum includes: | Heart and great vessels, esophagus, and trachea
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| posterior mediastinum includes: | Descending aorta and spine
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| bony thorax includes: | Ribs, Sternum, Thoracic vertebrae
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| Only sinuses present at birth | maxillary and ethmoid
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| how many ribs are shown above the diaphragm on a good PA CXR | 10
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| what occupies the largest portion of the mediastinum? | heart
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| what is another term for the thymus? | sail sign
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| when is the thymus visable on a CXR? | newborns
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| What is respiratory failure | lack of respiratory function
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| what is Hypoxemia | low oxygen in arterial blood
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| what is Hypercapnia | inability to move air in and of lungs, increase in Carbon Dioxide
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| What is cystic fibrosis | most lethal genetic disease for white children, affects exocrine glands
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| What is Hyaline membrane disease also known as | Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS)
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| what is the radiographic sign for RDS | appearance-severe atelectasis with air-bronchogram sign. Ground Glass appearance.
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| What is the most common type of lung infection | pneumonia
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| Causes of pneumonia- | bacteria, viral and mycoplasms (lack a cell wall, resist antibiotics)
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| What is Hyaline membrane disease also known as | Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS)
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| what is the radiographic sign for RDS | appearance-severe atelectasis with air-bronchogram sign. Ground Glass appearance.
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| What is the most common type of lung infection | pneumonia
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| Causes of pneumonia- | bacteria, viral and mycoplasms (lack a cell wall, resist antibiotics)
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| where does legionaires pneumona thrive | in warm moist places and may be transmitted through heating-cooling systems
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| How do most pneumonias appear radiographically | patchy infiltrates throughout the lungs
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| what is Bronchiectasis | inflammatory disease with permanent dilation of bronchi
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| what is the radiographic appearance of Bronchiectasis | Increased bronchovascular markings and tram lines
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| What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) | inflammatory disease from inhalation of myobacterium TB, signs are morning cough producing mucus
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| what is the radiographic sign for Milary TB | Millet seed appearance
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| What is COPD stand for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| what is COPD | group of disorders causing chronic airway obstruction
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| what is the radiographic appearance for chronic bronchitis | hyperinflated lungs
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| What is emphyseama | when alveoli become distended from loss of elasticity
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| what is Pneumoconioses | a occupational lung disease from inhalation of foreign dust particles. Includes diseases like black lung disease and asbestosis
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| Where does Coccidioidomycosis thrive | fungal infection that thrives in semiarid soil in southwest and mexico
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| Where does Histoplasmosis thrive | Cause-fungal exposure to a opportunistic host, endemic to Ohio & Mississippi
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| Histoplasmosis is also know as | The Pharaoh’s Curse (King Tut, Johnny Cash and Bob Dylan all had it)
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| What is a lung abscess? | Necrotic lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris
Causes-teeth infections, pneumonia, neoplasms
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| What is pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura-painful; Indicative of other diseases
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| what is Pleural effusion | inflammatory disease Results when excess fluid collects in pleural cavity
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| what is the radiographic appearance of pleural effusion | blunting of costophrenic angles
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| what inflammatory disease has the Symptoms of nasal discharge, headache, toothache and facial tenderness | Sinusitis
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| what is Bronchial carcinoid | neoplastic disease, usually benign, occurs in both sexes ages 40-60
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| what is a Bronchogenic Lesion | Most common fatal primary malignancy in the U.S. accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors.
Occurs between 45-70 years old especially smokers.
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| Four main types of a Bronchogenic Lesion | Squamos cell, Small oat cell , Large cell, Adenocarcinoma
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| radiographic appearance of a Bronchogenic Lesion | “coin lesion”
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| Another name for thyroid mets? | snow storm
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| 5 routes of transmission for neoplastic diseases? | Hematogenous, Lymphogenous, Direct extension in local invasion, Bronchogenic, Direct implantation from biopsy/surgery
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