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Chapter 3 Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 divisions of thoracic cavity | pleural cavities, parietal pleura, visceral pleura |
| Anterior mediastinum includes: | Thyroid and thymus glands |
| middle mediastinum includes: | Heart and great vessels, esophagus, and trachea |
| posterior mediastinum includes: | Descending aorta and spine |
| bony thorax includes: | Ribs, Sternum, Thoracic vertebrae |
| Only sinuses present at birth | maxillary and ethmoid |
| how many ribs are shown above the diaphragm on a good PA CXR | 10 |
| what occupies the largest portion of the mediastinum? | heart |
| what is another term for the thymus? | sail sign |
| when is the thymus visable on a CXR? | newborns |
| What is respiratory failure | lack of respiratory function |
| what is Hypoxemia | low oxygen in arterial blood |
| what is Hypercapnia | inability to move air in and of lungs, increase in Carbon Dioxide |
| What is cystic fibrosis | most lethal genetic disease for white children, affects exocrine glands |
| What is Hyaline membrane disease also known as | Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS) |
| what is the radiographic sign for RDS | appearance-severe atelectasis with air-bronchogram sign. Ground Glass appearance. |
| What is the most common type of lung infection | pneumonia |
| Causes of pneumonia- | bacteria, viral and mycoplasms (lack a cell wall, resist antibiotics) |
| What is Hyaline membrane disease also known as | Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS) |
| what is the radiographic sign for RDS | appearance-severe atelectasis with air-bronchogram sign. Ground Glass appearance. |
| What is the most common type of lung infection | pneumonia |
| Causes of pneumonia- | bacteria, viral and mycoplasms (lack a cell wall, resist antibiotics) |
| where does legionaires pneumona thrive | in warm moist places and may be transmitted through heating-cooling systems |
| How do most pneumonias appear radiographically | patchy infiltrates throughout the lungs |
| what is Bronchiectasis | inflammatory disease with permanent dilation of bronchi |
| what is the radiographic appearance of Bronchiectasis | Increased bronchovascular markings and tram lines |
| What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) | inflammatory disease from inhalation of myobacterium TB, signs are morning cough producing mucus |
| what is the radiographic sign for Milary TB | Millet seed appearance |
| What is COPD stand for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| what is COPD | group of disorders causing chronic airway obstruction |
| what is the radiographic appearance for chronic bronchitis | hyperinflated lungs |
| What is emphyseama | when alveoli become distended from loss of elasticity |
| what is Pneumoconioses | a occupational lung disease from inhalation of foreign dust particles. Includes diseases like black lung disease and asbestosis |
| Where does Coccidioidomycosis thrive | fungal infection that thrives in semiarid soil in southwest and mexico |
| Where does Histoplasmosis thrive | Cause-fungal exposure to a opportunistic host, endemic to Ohio & Mississippi |
| Histoplasmosis is also know as | The Pharaoh’s Curse (King Tut, Johnny Cash and Bob Dylan all had it) |
| What is a lung abscess? | Necrotic lung tissue surrounded by inflammatory debris Causes-teeth infections, pneumonia, neoplasms |
| What is pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura-painful; Indicative of other diseases |
| what is Pleural effusion | inflammatory disease Results when excess fluid collects in pleural cavity |
| what is the radiographic appearance of pleural effusion | blunting of costophrenic angles |
| what inflammatory disease has the Symptoms of nasal discharge, headache, toothache and facial tenderness | Sinusitis |
| what is Bronchial carcinoid | neoplastic disease, usually benign, occurs in both sexes ages 40-60 |
| what is a Bronchogenic Lesion | Most common fatal primary malignancy in the U.S. accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors. Occurs between 45-70 years old especially smokers. |
| Four main types of a Bronchogenic Lesion | Squamos cell, Small oat cell , Large cell, Adenocarcinoma |
| radiographic appearance of a Bronchogenic Lesion | “coin lesion” |
| Another name for thyroid mets? | snow storm |
| 5 routes of transmission for neoplastic diseases? | Hematogenous, Lymphogenous, Direct extension in local invasion, Bronchogenic, Direct implantation from biopsy/surgery |
Created by:
rachelreilly
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